Dielectric behavior of semiconductors at microwave frequencies

A cylindrical microwave resonant cavity in TE(011) (Transverse Electric) mode is used to study the dielectric relaxation in germanium and silicon. The samples of these semiconductors are used to perturb the electric field in the cavity, and Slater's perturbation equations are used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant. The dielectric loss of germanium and silicon is studied at different temperatures, and Debye's equations are used to calculate the relaxation time at these temperatures

EVALUATION OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY OF CAPPARIS DECIDUA

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the anti-asthmatic activity of Capparis decidua.Methods: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines, and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg.The anti-asthmatic activity of C. decidua was evaluated using various experimental models such as histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guineapigs and milk-induced leukocytosis in mice, histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, studies on pre convulsive time and milk-inducedleukocytosis in mice, studies on blood.Results: Antihistaminic drugs Chlorpheniramine maleate and ethanolic extract of C. decidua significantly protected the guinea pigs against histamineinducedbronchospasm. The ethanolic section of C. decidua has dramatically prolonged the latent period of convulsions compared to control. Ethanolicextract of C. decidua suppresses the milk-induced leukocytosis by stabilizing the oxidative stress in the surrounding tissue.Conclusion: The results obtained in the above study suggest the ethanolic extract of C. decidua possesses significant anti-asthmatic activity

Phase Transition Studies in Polar and Nonpolar Liquids at Microwave Frequencies

A resonant microwave cavity technique was employed to study the dielectric behavior of some polar and non-polar liquids near the phase transition temperatures at microwave frequencies of 7.2, 9.2 and 10.1 GHz. The Slater perturbation equations for a resonant microwave cavity are briefly discussed to show that the above technique can be used to determine both the real and imaginary parts of dielectric response. Abrupt changes in dielectric response were observed near the phase transition temperatures for the polar liquids studied in this investigation. The dielectric relaxation phenomenon in liquids has been treated as a chemical rate process and the abrupt change in the dielectric response of the liquids near phase transition temperatures is shown to be related to the dramatic changes in the free energy of activation of the molecules. Some values of the free energy of activation were deduced for the various compounds from data obtained in this investigation

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Not AvailableThe field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur with the objectives to find out the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain yield, productivity and profitability of wheat crop. The 10 treatments were tested in Randomized Block Design with three replication. T1- Control, T2 - RDF (150:60:40 NPK Kg/ha), T3 - 125% RDF, T4 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T5 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T6 - RDF + FYM @ 5t/ ha, T7 - RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha, T8 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter, T9 - RDF + FYM @ 5t/ha + Azotobacter, and T10 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter. Result showed that the treatment T10 produced higher yield attributes and grain yield than rest of the treatment. The higher yield led to higher NPK uptake by wheat. Further, the available NPK and Organic Carbon (%) content of soil also increased in above integration of organic and inorganic fertilizer along with bio-fertilizer strain over control as well as chemical fertilizers alone. The highest net return (INR/ha 53882) and benefit : cost (1.23) was also obtained from the application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter and lowest from control (21873) and (0.74), respectively.Not Availabl

Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Externally Tunable, Hydrogel Encapsulated Quantum Dot Nanospheres in Escherichia coli

Quantum Dots (QDs) have become an interesting subject of study for labeling and drug delivery in biomedical research due to their unique responses to external stimuli. In this paper, the biological effects of a novel hydrogel based QD nano-structure on E. coli bacteria are presented. The experimental evidence reveals that cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs that are encapsulated inside biocompatible polymeric shells have reduced or negligible toxicity to this model cell system, even when exposed at higher dosages. Furthermore, a preliminary gene expression study indicates that QD-hydrogel nanospheres do not inhibit the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene expression. As the biocompatible and externally tunable polymer shells possess the capability to control the QD packing density at nanometer scales, the resulting luminescence efficiency of the nanostructures, besides reducing the cytotoxic potential, may be suitable for various biomedical applications