Intracerebral Hemorrhage as a Surgical Challenge-Where Should We Focus?

Non peer reviewe

Posttraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage related to concomitant carotid artery dissection and ruptured basilar trunk aneurysm : A case report and literature review

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Surgical Neurology International.Background: Carotid artery dissections (CADs) are a relatively rare disorder, whereas intracranial aneurysms (IAs) form a common cerebrovascular pathology. Since both vascular entities share similar risk factors and associations with connective tissue and vascular disorders, a common pathogenesis has been suggested. Here, we present a case of the concomitant occurrence of a CAD and a ruptured basilar trunk aneurysm (BTA). In the discussion, we elaborate on both vascular entities and have reviewed the literature on their concomitant incidence and potential shared pathogenesis. Case Description: We present a case of a 40-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hospital because of subarachnoid hemorrhage following a minor head trauma. Imaging revealed a BTA and unilateral extracranial dissection of the internal carotid artery. Despite coiling of the aneurysm, stenting of the dissection, and antithrombotic therapy, the patient died due to extensive cerebral ischemia sequelae. Conclusion: CAD and BTAs have both been associated with a vascular vulnerability but their concomitant occurrence has not been described previously. The previous studies have suggested an increased incidence of IAs in patients with a CAD and vice versa. However, the number of studies and reports on this mutual increased incidence is limited. Therefore, a shared pathogenesis seems rather speculative. In our case, we suggest that a posttraumatic CAD-induced hemodynamic alterations resulting in rupture of the saccular BTA.Peer reviewe

"Squeeze Maneuver" Assisted by Indocyanine Green Videoangiography : Simple Technique to "Resuscitate" Partially Occluded Bridging Veins During Microneurosurgical Operations

OBJECTIVE: The preservation of normal peri/intralesional bridging veins is extremely important in every micro-neurosurgical operation. The purpose of our study was to describe the "squeeze maneuver"assisted by indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGV), a simple technique to "resuscitate" partially occluded bridging veins during microneurosurgical operations. METHODS: When a bridging vein is inadvertently stretched up to its collapse during microneurosurgical procedures, a precise identification of the partially occluded zone is carried out under high magnification (10-153), as well as with the aid of the ICGV. If a continuous irrigation with isotonic saline solution does not allow one to reestablish the venous flow, the "squeeze maneuver" is carried out. This consists of squeezing and sliding with the bipolar forceps the occluded vessel along the normal venous flow direction. This procedure is repeated several times, while a continuous saline irriga-tion is applied. The ICGV is performed to confirm an adequate patency of the vein. RESULTS: This maneuver permits to restore the normal diameter of the vein and blood flow inside it. CONCLUSION: The "squeeze maneuver"assisted by ICGV represents a safe, clean, fast, and even cheap method for restoring the flow of partially occluded bridging veins during microneurosurgical operations.Peer reviewe

Editorial : Pathophysiology and treatment of fusiform intracranial aneurysms

Non peer reviewe

Total temporary occlusion of blood flow for several hours to treat a giant deep arteriovenous malformation: A series of multiple operations to save a young life

Peer reviewe

Meditation music improved the quality of suturing in an experimental bypass procedure

BackgroundNeurosurgeons are vulnerable to additional noise in their natural operating environment. Noise exposure is associated with reduced cognitive function, inability to concentrate, and nervousness. Mediation music provides an opportunity to create a calmer environment which may reduce stress during surgery.MethodsA pilot study was performed to find a suitable task, meditation music of surgeon's choice, and operation noise and to reach a certain level of training. For the main experiment, two neurosurgeons with different microsurgical experience used real operation noise and meditation music with delta waves as mediating music. Each surgeon performed 10 training bypasses (five with noise and five with music) with 16 stitches in each bypass. The total time to complete 16 stitches, a number of unachieved movements (N.U.Ms), length of thread consumed, and distribution of the stitches were quantified from the recorded videos and compared in both groups.ResultsA N.U.Ms were significantly reduced from 10938 with operation room (OR) noise to 38 +/- 13 (pPeer reviewe

Mirror Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms in a Patient with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Mirror distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (DACAAs) are a rare finding in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, with only a few cases reported. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 40-year-old man was admitted for sudden-onset headache, nausea and vomiting, and transient right arm hypoesthesia. Computed tomography scan showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracerebral hemorrhage within the interhemispheric fissure, but computed tomography angiography failed to identify any aneurysms. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography with three-dimensional reconstructions revealed 1.5-mm-diameter mirror DACAAs on the A3 segments. However, the definite rupture site remained unidentifiable. After interdisciplinary consultation, endovascular treatment was favored, and complete occlusion of both DACAAs was achieved by coiling without stent placement. During coiling of the right DACAA, a thrombus in the right callosomarginal artery formed, and treatment with abciximab (ReoPro) was initiated to dissolve the thrombus. After treatment, the patient presented with right leg paresis; however, computed tomography did not show any ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage increase, or vasospasm. Over the following days, the leg paresis improved, and the patient achieved increased mobilization. He was transferred for further rehabilitation 16 days after hemorrhage. The leg paresis had recovered to a grade 3/5. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid identification of the rupture site in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and multiple aneurysms is crucial for initiating optimal treatment. In patients with mirror aneurysms in close proximity to each other, this is not easily accomplished, complicating treatment decisions. Although clipping has been the standard for DACAA occlusion, coiling should be taken into consideration as a viable alternative.Peer reviewe

In Reply : Superficial Temporal Artery: Distal Posterior Cerebral Artery Bypass Through the Subtemporal Approach: Technical Note and Pilot Surgical Cases

Non peer reviewe

Virtual Reality Glasses and "Eye-Hands Blind Technique" for Microsurgical Training in Neurosurgery

OBJECTIVE: Microsurgical skills and eye-hand coordination need continuous training to be developed and refined. However, well-equipped microsurgical laboratories are not so widespread as their setup is expensive. Herein, we present a novel microsurgical training system that requires a high-resolution personal computer screen, smartphones, and virtual reality glasses. METHODS: A smartphone placed on a holder at a height of about 15-20 cm from the surgical target field is used as the webcam of the computer. A specific software is used to duplicate the video camera image. The video may be transferred from the computer to another smartphone, which may be connected to virtual reality glasses. RESULTS: Using the previously described training model, we progressively performed more and more complex microsurgical exercises. It did not take long to set up our system, thus saving time for the training sessions. CONCLUSION: Our proposed training model may represent an affordable and efficient system to improve eye-hand coordination and dexterity in using not only the operating microscope but also endoscopes and exoscopes.Peer reviewe

Surgical Outcome of Very Small Intracranial Aneurysms Utilizing the Double Clip Technique

OBJECTIVES: To report the outcome of patients with very small intracranial aneurysm (VSIA) undergoing surgical clipping using a double-clip technique. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Namazi Hospital, the main referral neurovascular center in Southern Iran during a 6-year period from September 2010 to March 2016. All patients with VSIAs ( RESULTS: Operations were performed on 32 VSIAs in 26 patients with a mean +/- SD age of 55.7 +/- 10.1 years. Middle cerebral artery was the most common location for VSIA (50.0%). There was no neck remnant, and the complete occlusion rate was 100%. The rate of intraoperative aneurysm rupture was 30.8%, and none of the patients experienced rebleeding. The 6-month mortality rate was 0% in ruptured VSIAs and 6.25% in unruptured VSIAs. Most of the patients had favorable outcomes (88.5%), and the overall mortality rate was 11.5%. The rate of permanent neurologic deficit was 10.0% in ruptured and 12.5% in unruptured VSIAs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between baseline and clinical characteristics and outcome in this series. CONCLUSION: VSIAs are difficult to treat because of their small sizes; therefore, with a double-clip technique, one can reduce complications related to the treatment of small aneurysms.Peer reviewe