Study of the GSM with frequency of 950 MHz on the memory of male mice

Background and aims: The increasing use of productive machines with electromagnetic waves of different frequency and severity has led to perform many studies about the possible impact of the waves on the health of living creatures. The aim of this study was to investigate memory function and reminding in mice, exposed to microwave radiation with a frequency of 950 MHz (GSM signal). Methods: In this experimental study, 120 male mices were divided into 10 groups of 12 animals in each group. The exposed 9 groups were under microwave radiation at the power densities of 0.02, 1.3 and 8.6 mW/ cm2 and the time intervals of 2, 4 and 6 hours and one group was considered as control. The analysis of mice’s memory was done with the passive avoidance trial test and by measuring the frequency of animals entering the dark compartment of shuttle box and their entrance latency time in 6, 12, 24, 48 h, 1 and 2 weeks after the last learning stage. Results: The results showed no significant changes among the latency time of animals in entrance to the dark side of compartment, but the frequency of entrance showed significant difference among the exposure groups with the potent of 0, 0.02, 1.3 and 8.6 mW/cm2. Conclusion: Memory function and analysis of animals exposed to mobile radiation show a decrease depending on exposure time and power. The increasing frequency of animal in entrance to the dark field with the memory of electrical shock should be a sign of animal memory impairment with the exposure to the microwave mobile radiation

Determinants of job stress for married nurses working in clinical-educational hospitals in Qazvin

Background: Job stress is a major factor in the creation burn out, reduction patient satisfaction, leave the nursing profession. Nurses job stress can have a major effect on the quality of patient care. Objective: This study was performed with the aim of investigation the job stress and determining factors among nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted stratified random sampling method on 123 nurses. The instruments includes demographic information and nurse job stress questionnaire that had seven domains (patient's suffering and death, conflict with physicians, lack of adequate preparation, lack of supportive resources, conflicts with other nurses, working pressure and uncertainty of treatment). Analysis methods of descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson, t-test, chi-square, Tukey, Kruskal Wallis test, Anova, linear regression) was performed. Findings: The majority had moderate stress 84 persons (68.3%) and 26 persons (21.1%) low stress, 13 persons (10.6%) a lot of stress. Nurses with Bachelor and higher education (P=0.045), the employment contract (P=0.042) had higher levels of stress and who with at least one child had lower levels of stress that was statistically significant (P=0.02). Work pressure and conflict with physicians were the most and least important factors respectively. Conclusion: Workshop in the relation to the management and control of stress depending on the amount of stress, work pressure, can reduce job stress by the nurse's educational needs assessment