Plasma levels of inflammatory markers.

<p>Plasma levels of inflammatory markers.</p

Correlation study between different parameters in the study subjects.

<p>Correlation study between different parameters in the study subjects.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of different parameters in the study subjects.

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis of different parameters in the study subjects.</p

Heat shock protein70 mRNA expression in study subjects.

<p>Fig 3 represents the expression of HSP 70 at mRNA levels in study subjects. Results were expressed as average delta-CT value in patients and controls group ± SD. P < 0.0001 is considered to be significant.</p

Plasma levels of inflammatory markers.

<p>(A) represents the scattered plot of levels of interleukin-6 in the individual study subjects. (B) represents the scattered plot of individual data of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the study subjects. (C) represents the scattered plot of individual data of C-reactive protein in the study subjects. (D) represents the scattered plot of individual data of p53 in the study subjects.</p

qRT-PCR analysis of Heat shock protein70 gene expressions at mRNA level and indirect ELISA analysis at protein level.

<p>(A) represents the scattered plot of levels of HSP70 gene expression at mRNA level in the individual study subjects by qRT-PCR. The relative HSP70 gene expression in patients and controls is expressed in delta-CT values. Results were expressed as densitometric ratio (HSP70 to 18S rRNA gene) in patients and controls group ± SD. P < 0.001. Higher delta-CT value deflects the lower gene expression. (B) represents the scattered plot of individual data of HSP70 expression at protein level by indirect ELISA technique in the study subjects. P < 0.0001.</p

Association of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (A1166C) Gene Polymorphism and Its Increased Expression in Essential Hypertension: A Case-Control Study

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Hypertension is one of the major cardiovascular diseases. It affects nearly 1.56 billion people worldwide. The present study is about a particular genetic polymorphism (A1166C), gene expression and protein expression of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) (SNP ID: rs5186) and its association with essential hypertension in a Northern Indian population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We analyzed the A1166C polymorphism and expression of AT1R gene in 250 patients with essential hypertension and 250 normal healthy controls.</p><p>Results</p><p>A significant association was found in the AT1R genotypes (AC+CC) with essential hypertension (χ² = 22.48, p = 0.0001). Individuals with CC genotypes were at 2.4 times higher odds (p = 0.0001) to develop essential hypertension than individuals with AC and AA genotypes. The statistically significant intergenotypic variation in the systolic blood pressure was found higher in the patients with CC (169.4±36.3 mmHg) as compared to that of AA (143.5±28.1 mmHg) and AC (153.9±30.5 mmHg) genotypes (p = 0.0001). We found a significant difference in the average delta-CT value (p = 0.0001) wherein an upregulated gene expression (approximately 16 fold) was observed in case of patients as compared to controls. Furthermore, higher expression of AT1R gene was observed in patients with CC genotype than with AC and AA genotypes. A significant difference (p = 0.0001) in the protein expression of angiotensin II Type 1 receptor was also observed in the plasma of patients (1.49±0.27) as compared to controls (0.80±0.24).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our findings suggest that C allele of A1166C polymorphism in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene is associated with essential hypertension and its upregulation could play an important role in essential hypertension.</p></div

Fold change expression and Quantitative PCR results of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene.

<p>CT, Threshold cycle.</p><p>*Data are means ± SD, *p = 0.0001. 18S rRNA gene expression of the same samples was used for calculations.</p

Intergenotypic (A1166C variant of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene) variations in gene expression (delta-CT values) in study subjects.

<p>Patients and controls were compared with respect to genotypes with t-test of significance test at one degree of freedom adjusted for age and sex. p<0.05 is considered to be significant.</p><p>*analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Bonferroni’s method for multiple comparisons between genotype classes.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.

<p>BMI, Body mass index; HDL, High density lipoprotein; LDL, Low density lipoprotein.</p><p>Patients group were compared with controls with t-test of significance or by chi-square test;</p><p>*p<0.05 is considered to be significant.</p