Protective role of Taurine against mercuric chloride intoxicated rats

            The present study has been designed to investigate the influence of taurine on mercury intoxicated kidney tissue of rats (Rattus norvegicus). At sub-lethal dose of mercuric chloride (2mg/kg body weight) treatment,  creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents were significantly increased in serum and kidney tissues respectively. And simultaneously, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly decreased due to rupture of kidney tissue caused by mercury poison. During the recovery period, mercury chloride intoxicated rats were again treated with taurine (50mg/kg body weight) for another 15 days. It shows the remarkable recovery of the animal from the adverse effect of mercury toxicity. An enhanced level of LPO content and altered level of antioxidant system were restored to near normal level in mercury intoxicated animals. The result suggested that taurine play a vital role to reduce the toxic effect of mercury in the kidney tissue of rats. ÂÂ

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BY USING ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATES

granulated blast furnace slag. In this floor hardening powder to be used in artificial aggregates prepared by pelletization method to increase the strength of artificial aggregates. The properties of the materials were studied and compared with natural aggregate for a durability property. Artificial aggregates were prepared for the ratio of 1:2. Then the strength properties like specific gravity, water absorption test, sieve analysis, impact test, abrasion test, aggregate crushing test of the prepared artificial aggregates is tested. In for upcoming phase the ratio, proportion of concrete varies 20%, 40%, 60%, 60%, 80%, 100% to choose an optimum level of aggregate percentage using of casting for beam. The conventional aggregate concrete mix has been designed for M30 grade of concrete using IS method. Finally the normal aggregate is compared with artificial aggregate where flexural strength and durability properties are determined. Then the results are numerically analyzed

Effect of Taurine and Glutathione on Mercury Toxicity in Liver Tissue of Rats

The present investigation examined the ability of taurine and glutathione as an antioxidant to protect against mercury induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Mercury hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of mercury at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by reduced serum total protein level and increased serum levels alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein. Mercury treatment increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the rat liver.  Again taurine and glutathione is administrated for 15 days. During this period, taurine improved liver functions, as indicated by decline of serum transaminases and ALP levels and elevation of serum total protein. Moreover, taurine significantly reduced AST, ALT, ALP and hepatic TBARS and increased GSH content and total protein in the hepatic tissue. These results indicate that taurine has a protective action against mercury induced hepatic damage in rats than glutathione

Study of Suicide Attempts in Schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by remissions and Exacerbations. It reduces the life expectancy of those afflicted by approximately 10 years, And suicide accounts for the majority of premature deaths among patients suffering from Schizophrenia. Suicide is the most devastating possible outcome of a schizophrenic Illness. In addition to the finality for the patients, suicide has an intense and long-lasting Impact on families, other patients, and professional staff (Allebeck 1989, Black et al 1985). The risk of suicide in schizophrenia exceeds that of all psychiatric disorders other Than major depression (Asnis et al). The rate of suicide in schizophrenia has been Reported to be some 20-50 times greater than suicide rate in general population (Black 1988). It has been found that 20% to 40% of patients suffering from schizophrenia make Suicide attempts. The completed suicide rate in schizophrenia ranges from 9% to 12.9% (Tsuang et al 1980). Approximately 1% to 2 % of patients suffering from schizophrenia Who attempt suicide are reported to complete suicide within a year after their initial Attempt, with an additional 1% doing so each year thereafter (Vanessa Raymont). Suicide attempts are associated with protracted, non-regressive symptomatology, The majority occurring before 30 years of age. Chronicity, incapacity and complaints of Social isolation even though they are not being abandoned, are characteristic of those who Die by suicide. Suicide attempts in individuals with schizophrenia are serious, typically requiring Medical attention. Intent is strong and the majority of those who attempt make multiple Attempts, having a higher rate of more lethal methods (Radomsky et al). Risk factors including previous attempts are however found to be having limited Value in the prediction of eventual suicide and traditional risk scales are considered Ineffective (Heila et al, 1997). There has been a paucity of Indian studies on this subject which promoted us to take Up this study. In this study, we have tried to find differences in the groups of suicide attempters And non-attempters in schizophrenia in search for a possible recognition of risk factors. The question looming large is: “IS THERE PREVENTION?

(Z)-4-{1-[(2-Hy­droxy­ethyl)­amino]­ethyl­idene}-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one

In the title compound C14H17N3O2, the dihedral angle between the rings is 16.68 (13)°. Although the compound crystallizes in the keto form, the possibility of keto-enamine–enol-imine tautomerism is explained by a strong intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Investigation on Alccofine’s Impact on The Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete

Supplemental cementitious material made from rice husk combustion is Alccofine. The influence on the strength and durability qualities is experimented in this research. Six different concrete mixes with differing concentrations of Alccofine and cement were prepared for the investigation. The concrete’s durability was further evaluated by absorption and quick permeability testing. The influence of Alccofine, a supplemental cementitious material, on the strength and durability qualities of concrete is investigated in this research. A series of laboratory studies were conducted in which varying quantities of Alccofine were added into the concrete mix. According to the results of the study, using Alccofine as substitute may greatly better the strength. The addition of Alccofine enhanced the compressive strength, with the greatest strength reached at a replacement level of 15%. Furthermore, it reduced the porosity, resulting in increased durability features such as resistance to water and chloride ion penetration. The research also discovered that adding Alccofine resulted in denser microstructure, which contributed to its increased mechanical qualities and durability. Finally, the study results indicate that using a supplemental material has the potential to increase its strength and durability

2-Hy­droxy­ethyl 4-hy­droxy­benzoate

In the title compound, C9H10O4, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the –CO2 unit is 11.93 (8)° and the conformation of the 2-hy­droxy­ethyl side chain is gauche [O—C—C—O = −71.91 (17)°]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Ethyl 7-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diazepane-2-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C20H22N2O3, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol­ecules, the diazepane rings adopt chair conformations. The mean planes of the diazepane rings in the two molecules form dihedral angles of 71.6 (4)/40.3 (5) and 75.9 (5)/58.6 (7)° with the neighbouring benzene rings. The carbonyl-group O atoms deviate significantly from the diazepane rings, by 0.685 (14) and 0.498 (13) Å. The eth­oxy­carbonyl groups show conformational difference between two mol­ecules, as reflected in the orientation of the carbonyl O atoms and the C—C—O—C torsion angle of −179.0 (2)° in one mol­ecule and 73.2 (2)° in the other. In one molecule there is a short N—H⋯O contact that generates an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, N—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(8) graph-set motifs and C—H⋯O inter­actions generate R 2 2(10) and R 2 2(14) graph-set motifs. C—H⋯π inter­actions also occur