RAST I DUŽINSKO MASENI ODNOSI VRSTE Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) HRANJENE NADOMJESTKOM RAZLIČITIH KONCENTRACIJA PROBIOTIKA

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diet with different microbial concentrations on the growth and length-weight relationship of Trichopodus trichopterus. For this aim a study was designed with four experimental treatments and the control to evaluate different microbial concentrations on growth and length-weight relationship. The counts of bacteria that were used for dietary supplementation were 1×104, 2×104, 3×104 and 4×104 CFU g-1 in T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments, respectively. The results indicated that the use of 3×104 CFU g-1 concentration increased the length, and a positive allometric growth was observed. The higher length frequency was estimated in T3. The results indicated that the use of microbial additives with proper concentration causes different allometric growth.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učinke hranidbe nadomjestkom različitih koncentracija mikroorganizama na rast i dužinsko masene odnose Trichopodus trichopterus. U svrhu tog cilja, studija je dizajnirana s četiri eksperimentalna tretmana i kontrolom za procjenu različitih koncentracija mikroorganizama na rast i odnos duljine i mase. Broj bakterija koje su se koristile za hranidbeni dodatak su 1×104, 2×104, 3×104 i 4×104 CFU g-1 u T1, T2, T3 i T4 tretmanu. Rezultati su ukazali da se upotrebom 3×104 CFU g-1 koncentracije povećava duljina, a uočen je pozitivan alometrijski rast kod istraživane vrste. Veća frekvencija duljina procijenjena je u T3. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da primjena različitih koncentracija probiotičkih organizama u odgovarajućem slučaju uzrokuje različit alometrijski rast riba

Interaction of fish density and background color effects on growth performance, proximate body composition and skin color of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effects of three stocking densities and two tank colors on growth, body composition and skin coloration of common carp (1.41±0.05 g). Fish with low (LD: 20 specimens/tank or 0.70 g/L), medium (MD: 40 specimens/tank or 1.41 g/L) and high (HD: 80 specimens/tank or 2.82 g/L) densities were reared in two tank colors (black and white) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, density recorded 2.45 g/L and 7.00 g/L at low and high densities treatments, respectively. The final weight and specific growth rate of the fish at LD treatment were significantly higher than those of MD and HD treatments. The highest weight (4.90±0.44 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.21±0.13) were obtained for the LD fish treatment reared in the black tanks. Rearing density has a significant effect on the fish body total protein content, but the tank color had no effects on this factor. The fish body lipid content in the white tanks and high density was significantly higher than other treatments. Significant interactions between tank color and rearing density were observed for the fish body protein, fiber and dry matter. The fish skin color was considered by three factors: L*, a* and b*. The results showed that black color had a negative effect on the fish skin color indices. Brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of the fish skin in the white tanks were higher than those of the black tanks. In the present study, tank color and rearing density significantly affected growth and feed performance of common carp, while no combined interaction was found between the two factors examined

Comparative analysis of milt quality in the cultured and wild stocks of endangered Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius

The sperm motility characteristics (percentage of motile spermatozoa and duration of motility) and sperm production (spermatocrit, milt volume and sperm concentration) were measured in order to compare the milt quality between cultured and wild stocks of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius. Our results showed that cultured brooders produce more dense milt than wild individuals. In contrast, the milt volume, percentage and duration of spermatozoa motility were higher in wild brooders than in cultured individuals. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of captivity condition on milt quality of cultured males of Caspian brown trout.Keywords: Sperm density, sperm motility, Caspian brown trou

Effect of diets containing Celmanax prebiotic on fillet quality of Oncorhynchus mykiss during refrigerated storage

This study aimed to evaluate the fillet quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after feeding with different levels of Celmanax prebiotic. A total of 780 trout with an initial body weight of 18 ± 2 g were randomly distributed after adaptation to the experiment environment in tanks filled with 105 L spring water (65 fish per tank). Three experimental groups and control each with three replicates were considered. Trout were fed with diets containing 2 (T2), 4 (T4) and 6 (T6) g/kg prebiotic for eight weeks. Then, the fish were filleted and maintained in the refrigerator. The chemical parameters including TVB-N, PV, TBA, FFA, TVC and PTC were estimated in 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage time. No significant differences were observed in experimental groups and control in free fatty acids content in fillet (p>0.05). The amounts of peroxide and thiobarbituric acid in experimental groups were lower than control. The amount of TVB-N increased in experimental groups compared to control. The total viable count and psychrophilic count of bacteria in the control group were higher than the experimental groups (p<0.05). The lowest counts of bacteria belonged to T6 (p<0.05). This study showed that the increased levels of Celmanax prebiotic in trout diet could increase shelf-life of fillet in the refrigerator

Enhancement of growth performance and hematological changes in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) alevins fed with Bifidobacterium bacteria

The study of probiotic application as an important rearing strategy was started more than 30 years ago and most of these studies were carried out to increase growth and survival of larvae. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis PTTC-1631 and B. lactis PTTC-1736 as probiotic supplement has been studied on growth performance and hematological changes on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss alevins with initial body weight of 0.583 ± 0.197 g. The commercial diet was supplemented with graded levels of probiotics (1×107, 2×107 and 3×107 CFU g-1 dry feed) to obtain 3 sets of experimental diets (T1, T2, and T3 respectively) and fed four times a day for 60 days. T1 alevin showed the best growth performance in terms of specific growth rate, weight gain, metabolic growth rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate. The highest red and white blood cell concentrations were noticed in fish fed T2 and T3 diets, respectively, no significant difference was observed in hemoglobin content. T1 showed the significant elevation of serum biochemical parameters and reduction of cortisol level. The results of present study might suggest likely positive effects of probiotic supplements with concentration of 1×107 CFU g-1 dry feed on growth and hematology on rainbow trout alevins

Effect of probiotic (Moltibehsil) and prebiotic (Behsam) on feed performances, energy losses and ammonia and urea excretions in grass carp, Ctenophryngodon idella larvae

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two commercial prebiotic and probiotic called Behsam and Behsil, respectively, in feeding performance, ammonia and urea excretions as well as energy losses in grass carp, Ctenophryngodon idella fry. Three levels of Behsam and Behsil (200, 400 and 600 mg/kgof diet) were supplemented to experimental diets and fed to grass carp fry (initial weight of 625.15 ± 10.12 mg). The present study was conducted in a completely randomized design. At the end of experiment, the fish final weight, food conversion ratio, protein and lipid efficiency ratio of the grass carps fed supplemented diet with different levels of Behsam and Behsil had significantly difference with control group (p<0.05). The results clearly exhibited that the different levels of Behsam and Behsil had positive effects on the ammonia and urea excretions in fish fry and also the energy decreasing rate in experimental treatments in comparison with control group. Minimum of ammonia-N and urea-N excretions were obtained in treatment Behsam 600. The maximum energy losses via excretion of ammonia and urea were obtained in control. However, the minimum energy losses were obtained in fish fry fed with 600 mg/kg Behsam. The total energy losses by nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia, urea and energy losses rate (%) per energy intake were decreased in the various experimental treatments in comparison with control. Maximum energy expenditure was detected in control group, but it decreased in experimental treatments and minimum value was obtained in treatment containing 600 mg/kg Behsam. In this study, it was found that the various Behsam and Behsil levels in rearing grass carp fry exhibit different effects on feeding performance, ammonia and urea excretions as well as energy losses in this fish

Evaluated the Influence of Ascorbic Acid on Hatching Performance and Tolerance Against High Ammonia Concentration by Immersion of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kuttum) Fertilized Eggs

Abstract: The effect of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in four levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L -1 ) on eyed egg and hatching rate, growth and viability of larva, and larval tolerance against high ammonia concentration stress in kutum Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901) was evaluated. The fertilized eggs were placed in water containing different levels of AA for 4 h. The percentage of eyed egg and hatching were measured after 2 and 5 days respectively. After larva absorbed their yolk sac half of them were challenged by high ammonia concentration (5 mg L -1 ) and the others were reared for 60 days and growth factors and survival were recorded. The result shown that with increasing AA, percentage of eyed egg and hatching were increased and the highest eyed egg and hatching rate were in 2000 mg L -1 and had significantly difference with other treatments (P&lt;0.05). The significant differences in larval tolerance against high ammonia concentration stress were observed between 2000 mg L -1 comparison to 0 and 500 mg L -1 treatments. No significant different were observed between growth parameters of treatments (P&gt;0.05). Viability was different between experimental groups, but was not significant between 0 and 500 mg L -1 . According to our results, immersion of fertilized eggs of kutum in 2000 mg L -1 of AA may be beneficial

The effect of isolated bacteria from the intestine of Beluga (Huso Huso) on some growth indices, amylase and lipase activity in body extract and carcass composition of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics isolated from the intestine of Beluga (Huso huso) fingerlings on growth factors, activity of digestive enzymes and carcass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) larvae. Three hundred and sixty larvae with an average weight of approximately 200 mg after one-week adaptation to the new conditions, were fed with supplemented diets with blend of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in concentrations of 1.5 × 106 (T1), 3 × 106 (T2) and 4.5 × 106 (T3) CFU/100 g diet, respectively for 45 days. In control group, larvae were fed with diet without any supplementation. The experiment was carried out in a completely random design. At the end of the experiment, the results revealed that the highest final weight (35 ± 0.12 ­mg) and specific growth rate (0.94 ± 0.66%/day) were measured in T3. The highest feed conversion efficiency (46.52 ± 19.02%), protein efficiency ratio (0.37 ± 0.41), lipid efficiency ratio (1.22 ± 1.34), retained protein (0.0018 mg/day) and net protein utilization (0.0058%) were found in T3, while the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.34 ± 0.61) was obtained in T3. All of the above factors had significantly difference with control group (p 0.05). Amylase and lipase levels in the body extracts raised in the experimental treatments in comparison with the control group. However, only the amylase level displayed significant difference in comparison with control (p < 0.05). The experiment indicated that the blend of Bacillus and yeast at different concentrations displayed different effects on carcass analyses and feeding indices in this fish and the best results were obtained in T3 (4.5 × 106 CFU/100g diet)

Impacts of Bacillus sp. probiotics on the growth and serum biochemical indices of rainbow trout larvae in different stocking densities

In the present study, the effects of dietary supplemented feed with a mixture of probiotic Bacillus sp. (1 × 108 CFU/100 g) were investigated on the growth performance and serum biochemical indices of Oncorhynchus mykiss larvae (0.23 ± 0.08 g) in different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted to a completely randomized design with four treatments and a control group with three replicates. The treatments based on the levels of stocking densities were 30, 45, 60 and 75 larvae (T30, T45, T60 and T75) in 10-L tanks. The stocking density of control group was 30 fish per 10-L tank (C10). The feeding period was 45 days. The highest final weight (3.06 ± 1.16 g) and the lowest FCR (1.01 ± 0.39) were observed in T60 (p<0.05). The SGR was significantly reduced in all experimental treatments compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest total protein (9.70 ± 2.10 mg dL-1) and cortisol (84.50 ± 2.50 mg dL-1), and the lowest albumin (9.85 ± 1.05 mg dL-1) was measured in T30 (p<0.05). The highest glucose level (139.50 ± 4.50 mg dL-1) was measured in T60 (p<0.05). Adding probiotics to the diet of rainbow troutlarvae led to significantly reduced AST as well as increased ALT and ALP activities in the experimental treatments compared to control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Bacilliprobiotics are capable of enhancing growth rate and also serum biochemical indices in rainbow troutlarvae. These findings may support the potential application of this probiotic as a practical supplementation in the diet of fish

The effect of different levels of Celmanax dietary supplement on growth, nutrition and biochemical indices of blood plasma in beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) cultured in brakish water and pen culture

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Celmanax commercial prebiotic on growth performance, nutritional efficiency, blood and plasma biochemical indices in beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) in a 120-day feeding period. So that, 120 individuals of beluga with the average weight of 4.66 ± 0.26 kg were transferred to 12 holding cage nets, 1.20 × 1 × 2 m in size at a depth of 1.5 m with a completely randomized design as four treatments with three replications including control (without prebiotic) and three experimental treatments fed by diets containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/kg prebiotic. The results exhibited that adding Celmanax to the diet, especially 0.5 g/kg, significantly enhanced relative weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and relative eating (p0.05). There were also no significant differences between the treatments fed by prebiotic compared to control with respect to hemoglobin, mean corposcular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p>0.05). Analyses on biochemical indices indicated that there were significant differences in total protein, glucose and triglyceride in blood plasma levels. Totally, according to the results, 0.5 g/kg Celmanax in diet can effectively enhance growth performance, nutritional efficiency and blood indices in cultured beluga