On Index Coding and Graph Homomorphism

In this work, we study the problem of index coding from graph homomorphism perspective. We show that the minimum broadcast rate of an index coding problem for different variations of the problem such as non-linear, scalar, and vector index code, can be upper bounded by the minimum broadcast rate of another index coding problem when there exists a homomorphism from the complement of the side information graph of the first problem to that of the second problem. As a result, we show that several upper bounds on scalar and vector index code problem are special cases of one of our main theorems. For the linear scalar index coding problem, it has been shown in [1] that the binary linear index of a graph is equal to a graph theoretical parameter called minrank of the graph. For undirected graphs, in [2] it is shown that $\mathrm{minrank}(G) = k$ if and only if there exists a homomorphism from $\bar{G}$ to a predefined graph $\bar{G}_k$. Combining these two results, it follows that for undirected graphs, all the digraphs with linear index of at most k coincide with the graphs $G$ for which there exists a homomorphism from $\bar{G}$ to $\bar{G}_k$. In this paper, we give a direct proof to this result that works for digraphs as well. We show how to use this classification result to generate lower bounds on scalar and vector index. In particular, we provide a lower bound for the scalar index of a digraph in terms of the chromatic number of its complement. Using our framework, we show that by changing the field size, linear index of a digraph can be at most increased by a factor that is independent from the number of the nodes.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in "IEEE Information Theory Workshop", 201

Diseñando un-house domestic mixto and un análisis de procesos de redes (ANP) para identificar e classificar os fatores que afetam os mercados internacionais.

Globalization, as a dominant phenomenon in the global economy, makes the issue of entry into global markets more relevant and complex. How to enter the legal boundaries of the country, understand the strengths and weaknesses of the company and recognize its capabilities. Choosing the optimal way to enter the international markets is considered as a factor as a sustainable competitive advantage. Considering the importance of the subject of this research, identification and prioritization of the identification and ranking of effective factors on the method of entering international markets. To achieve the research goal, an expert questionnaire was distributed to managers and international marketing experts based on the hierarchical model.After verifying and verifying the reliability and validity of the data gathering tool, the research, using the DEMATEL technique, revealed the relationship between the components affecting the method of entering the international markets and the corresponding network model was mapped. The questionnaire was then designed according to the network model. The data on this questionnaire is, in fact, the data of the matrix of paired samples matched to the network model, which was used as an input to the ANP method. The results of the ANP and DEMATEL combined approach for determining the weight of the criteria and prioritizing the effective factors indicate that among the factors, the factors related to the target country (with a weight of0.345) have the highest degree of importance and factors associated with the company (weight 0.345) are the least important degrees.La globalización, como fenómeno dominante en la economía global, hace que el tema de la entrada a los mercados globales sea más relevante y complejo. Cómo ingresar a los límites legales del país, comprender las fortalezas y debilidades de la empresa y reconocer sus capacidades. Elegir la forma óptima de ingresar a los mercados internacionales se considera como un factor como una ventaja competitiva sostenible. Considerando la importancia del tema de esta investigación, identificación y priorización de la identificación y clasificación de factores efectivos en el método de ingreso a mercados internacionales. Para lograr el objetivo de la investigación, se distribuyó un cuestionario de expertos a gerentes y expertos en marketing internacional basado en el modelo jerárquico.Después de verificar y verificar la confiabilidad y validez de la herramienta de recopilación de datos, la investigación, utilizando la técnica DEMATEL, reveló la relación entre los componentes que afectan el método de ingreso a los mercados internacionales y se mapeó el modelo de red correspondiente. El cuestionario se diseñó según el modelo de red. Los datos en este cuestionario son, de hecho, los datos de la matriz de muestras emparejadas que coinciden con el modelo de red, que se utilizó como una entrada para el método ANP. Los resultados del enfoque combinado ANP y DEMATEL para determinar el peso de los criterios y priorizar los factores efectivos indican que, entre los factores, los factores relacionados con el país objetivo (con un peso de 0.345) tienen el mayor grado de importancia y factores asociados con la compañía (peso 0.345) son los grados menos importantes.Globalization, as a dominant phenomenon in the global economy, makes the issue of entry into global markets more relevant and complex. How to enter the legal boundaries of the country, understand the strengths and weaknesses of the company and recognize its capabilities. Choosing the optimal way to enter the international markets is considered as a factor as a sustainable competitive advantage. Considering the importance of the subject of this research, identification and prioritization of the identification and ranking of effective factors on the method of entering international markets. To achieve the research goal, an expert questionnaire was distributed to managers and international marketing experts based on the hierarchical model.After verifying and verifying the reliability and validity of the data gathering tool, the research, using the DEMATEL technique, revealed the relationship between the components affecting the method of entering the international markets and the corresponding network model was mapped. The questionnaire was then designed according to the network model. The data on this questionnaire is, in fact, the data of the matrix of paired samples matched to the network model, which was used as an input to the ANP method.The results of the ANP and DEMATEL combined approach for determining the weight of the criteria and prioritizing the effective factors indicate that among the factors, the factors related to the target country (with a weight of 0.345) have the highest degree of importance and factors associated with the company (weight 0.345) are the least important degrees

Optimization cane traction output from hopper in full-automatic sugarcane planters by using response surface modeling and analytical hierarchy process

Agriculture mechanization plays a significant economic role by increasing agriculture production and reducing cost of cultivation.  There is a dire need to develop more processing machinery for value addition of agricultural produce with a reduction in time and labour.  The planting operation is one of the most important tasks that sugarcane growers undertake.  It should result in a plant stand at the desired density that emerges quickly and uniformly.  Austoft sugarcane planter was studied and the CAD model for metering device was simulated with Catia software.  Main components of this machine are hopper, metering device, and basis.  Multiple regression and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were applied to data for investigating the effect of angle and speed of sugarcane billet metering device on discharging and precision indices.  The speed of metering device had more effect than angle on both performance indices.  Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) used to match the best operation condition for discharging billets from hopper.  The angle of 80° and speed of 1 m s-1 was the best suited condition for sugarcane billet metering device with 98.64% for precision index and 4.2 billets in per second for discharging index. A consistency ratio evaluation value of 0.1 confirmed the results.   Keywords: sugarcane, planters, AHP, mechanization agriculture, RSM, computer aided design (CAD)

Hierarchy and Misalignments in Complex New Product Development Projects

Developing complex new products requires firms to break down the product into subsystems and create an organizational structure which ideally mirrors the product architecture. However, empirical evidence on the mirroring hypothesis is mixed and misalignments occur in the product and the corresponding organizational architectures. Misalignments take two general forms: (1) a missing link between two teams responsible for two interacting subsystems results in an unmatched interface and (2) two teams interacting without a link between their respective subsystems cause an unmatched interaction. In a model of product design as a search on a rugged landscape, we model misalignments as design teams searching on a “perceived” rather than “real” landscape. As a consequence, type-I or type-II errors are likely whereby the former causes the teams to reject superior designs and the latter to accept inferior designs. We study the performance deterioration by two measures: the magnitude and frequency of errors. We show that unmatched interactions cause a higher type-I error both in magnitude and frequency. Unmatched interactions and interfaces cause the same magnitude of type-II error but unmatched interfaces cause a higher frequency of type-II error. We further study how misalignments affect the convergence behavior of the search process, i.e., the time to converge and the quality of the final design. We find that misalignments affect, though not necessarily increase, the convergence time significantly but they are not a critical factor in the final design quality. We discuss the managerial implications of our results for the new product development projects

Desafíos de la criminalización de la protesta y la corrupción a través de documentos internacionales

With the passage of the Islamic Penal Code of 1992, the legislator took a critical step contrary to the provisions of international documents such as the Political and Civil Covenant and the Universal Declaration of Human rights and other documents criminalize behaviors that are critical of human rights, both in terms of punishment and in non-compliance with the principles and principles of criminality. As provided in Article 286 for severe on-the-ground corruption with a view to development in various fields, the death penalty has been specified. The perpetrators of these crimes and deviations from the substantive principles of security crimes, such as riots and corruption on earth, present challenges that will be addressed in this article, first explaining the importance of the right to life and the death penalty in international documents and the Iranian legal system.Con la aprobación del Código Penal Islámico de 1992, el legislador dio un paso crítico contrario a las disposiciones de Los documentos internacionales como el Pacto Político y Civil y la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y otros documentos penalizan comportamientos que son críticos de los derechos humanos, tanto en términos de castigo como en incumplimiento de los principios y principios de criminalidad. Según lo dispuesto en el Artículo 286 para la corrupción severa en el terreno con miras al desarrollo en varios campos, se ha especificado la pena de muerte. Los autores de estos crímenes y las desviaciones de los principios sustantivos de los crímenes de seguridad, como los disturbios y la corrupción en la tierra, presentan desafíos que se abordarán en este artículo, primero explicando la importancia del derecho a la vida y la pena de muerte en documentos internacionales y el sistema legal iraní