Deformable Graph Transformer

Transformer-based models have recently shown success in representation learning on graph-structured data beyond natural language processing and computer vision. However, the success is limited to small-scale graphs due to the drawbacks of full dot-product attention on graphs such as the quadratic complexity with respect to the number of nodes and message aggregation from enormous irrelevant nodes. To address these issues, we propose Deformable Graph Transformer (DGT) that performs sparse attention via dynamically sampled relevant nodes for efficiently handling large-scale graphs with a linear complexity in the number of nodes. Specifically, our framework first constructs multiple node sequences with various criteria to consider both structural and semantic proximity. Then, combining with our learnable Katz Positional Encodings, the sparse attention is applied to the node sequences for learning node representations with a significantly reduced computational cost. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our DGT achieves state-of-the-art performance on 7 graph benchmark datasets with 2.5 - 449 times less computational cost compared to transformer-based graph models with full attention.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

Evolution of Wearable Devices with Real-Time Disease Monitoring for Personalized Healthcare

Wearable devices are becoming widespread in a wide range of applications, from healthcare to biomedical monitoring systems, which enable continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for medical diagnostics, physiological health monitoring and evaluation. Especially as the elderly population grows globally, various chronic and acute diseases become increasingly important, and the medical industry is changing dramatically due to the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and real-time monitoring of long-term health conditions. Wearable devices have evolved gradually in the form of accessories, integrated clothing, body attachments and body inserts. Over the past few decades, the tremendous development of electronics, biocompatible materials and nanomaterials has resulted in the development of implantable devices that enable the diagnosis and prognosis through small sensors and biomedical devices, and greatly improve the quality and efficacy of medical services. This article summarizes the wearable devices that have been developed to date, and provides a review of their clinical applications. We will also discuss the technical barriers and challenges in the development of wearable devices, and discuss future prospects on wearable biosensors for prevention, personalized medicine and real-time health monitoring

Exploiting the Specific Isotope-Selective Adsorption of Metal-Organic Framework for Hydrogen Isotope Separation

Adsorptive separation using narrow-micropore adsorbents has demonstrated the potential to separate hydrogen isotopes. In this work, we employed an isotope-responsive separation using cobalt formate. A D-2-responsive third sorption step was revealed, and consequently, a noticeable difference was observed in the uptakes of D-2 and H-2. This may have resulted from the additional space created for D-2 due to its dense packing, as DFT calculations revealed that cobalt formate possesses 2.26 kJ/mol higher binding strength for D-2 than for H-2. The exploitation of this D-2-responsive third sorption step renders a promising separation performance, with a D-2/H-2 selectivity of up to 44 at 25 K/1 bar. Lastly, cobalt formate was synthesized on a gram scale here, which makes it a prospect for commercialization

Associations of sitting time and occupation with metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Previous evidence suggests that there is a correlation between prolonged sitting time and cardio-metabolic disease, such as metabolic syndrome (MS). Cardiovascular disease is the second-leading cause of mortality in South Korea, a country with the longest working hours among all member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. However, no previous study has investigated the relationships of overall sitting-time and occupation with MS in South Korea. Accordingly, the present study examined these relationships in a South Korean population. Methods Data from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationally representative survey with a cross-sectional design, were used in the present study. MS diagnoses were evaluated using the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) criteria. Participants self-reported their overall sitting times, and occupations were classified using the Korean version of the Standard Classification of Occupations (KSCO). A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of sitting time and occupation with MS. Results The risk of MS was 1.21-fold higher among participants who sat for >7 h/day than among those who sat for ≤7 h/day (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.46). Regarding occupation, office workers had a two-fold higher risk of MS than did agriculture, forestry, and fishery (AFF) workers (OR: 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.26–3.22). In a combined analysis of sitting time and occupation, male participants who sat for >7 h/day and reported an occupation that involves office work (OW) or machine fitting (MF) were significantly more likely to have MS when compared to those who sat for ≤7 h/day and were employed as AFF workers (>7 h/day × OW, OR: 2.41, 95 % CI: 1.05–5.51; >7 h/day × MF, OR: 2.92, 95 % CI: 1.43–5.93). Conclusions Excessive sitting time and a sedentary occupation correlated positively with MS in South Korean adults. Accordingly, a reduction in the overall sitting time or inclusion of energy-expending activities in the workplace might improve the rate of MS

SIW-Fed Patch Array Filtenna With Significant Suppression of Adjacent 5G Spectrum for Radio Altimeters

We propose a $2\times2$ patch array filtenna specifically designed for radio altimeter applications with significant suppression of unwanted adjacent 5G spectrum signals. The patch radiator is carefully selected to meet the radiation requirement of radio altimeters and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding network is meticulously designed to provide shielding property and excellent suppression level for adjacent 5G spectrum through the evanescent mode characteristic. In specific, the proposed filtenna harnesses inherent suppression characteristic of low-band RF signals below a cutoff frequency in the SIW feeding network, eliminating the need for additional filtering geometries. The proposed filtenna is fabricated and measured, and experimental results confirm its effective operation in the radio altimeter band (4.2–4.4 GHz), exhibiting successful suppression of 5G spectrum (3.4–4 GHz) by 40.70-dB to 43.26-dB. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed filtenna demonstrates superior suppression level for adjacent spectrums compared to previous planar array filtennas

A Novel Ternary Multiplier based on Ternary CMOS Compact Model

Multiple-valued logic (MVL) has potential advantages for energy-efficient design by reducing a circuit complexity. Because of physical device and circuit realization issues, however, there are relatively small number of researches on MVL circuit designs. We design a novel ternary multiplier based on a ternary CMOS (T-CMOS) compact model. To estimate performance and energy efficiency of our ternary design, we construct a standard ternary-cell library and exploit a ternary static timing analysis (T-STA). The proposed ternary multiplier design achieves significant total power reduction and performance improvement over conventional ternary design

Automated Detection of Malaria-Associated Pseudoeosinophilia and Abnormal WBC Scattergram by the Sysmex XE-2100 Hematology Analyzer: A Clinical Study with 1,801 Patients and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis in Vivax Malaria-Endemic Area

Recently, the XE-2100 hematology analyzer was investigated in a rather small patient group; pseudoeosinophilia or abnormal white blood cell (WBC) scattergrams reported by this instrument were considered as significantly valuable diagnostic parameters in detecting vivax malaria. This study was conducted not only to assess the usefulness of pseudoeosinophilia or abnormal WBC scattergram in vivax malaria-endemic areas with large patient groups (N = 1,801) but also to investigate the correlation of parasitemia and platelet count with pseudoeosinophilia and abnormal WBC scattergrams. Of the 1,801 analyzed patients, 413 (22.9%) were found to have malaria by Wright–Giemsa stained blood smears. Overall, either pseudoeosinophilia or abnormal WBC scattergram was detected in 191 of 413 malaria patients and 4 of 1,388 patients without malaria (sensitivity = 46.2%, specificity = 99.7%). We suggest that clinical hematology laboratories using the XE-2100 analyzer should be aware of such specific parameters, even with the absence of a clinical request

PEGylated Magnetic Nano-Assemblies as Contrast Agents for Effective T2-Weighted MR Imaging

We designed a high-sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent that could be used to diagnose diseases. First, magnetic nanocrystals were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method on an organic solvent to obtain a high magnetism and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) as an amphiphilic polymer using the ring-opening polymerization method to stably disperse the magnetic nanocrystals in an aqueous phase. Subsequently, the magnetic nanoclusters simultaneously self-assembled with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) using the nano-emulsion method to form magnetic nanoclusters. Because their shape was similar to a raspberry, they were named PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies. The PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies were dispersed stably in the aqueous phase with a uniform size of approximately 65–70 nm for an extended period (0 days: 68.8 ± 5.1 nm, 33 days: 69.2 ± 2.0 nm, and 44 days: 63.2 ± 5.6). They exhibited both enough of a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast effect and biocompatibility. In an in vivo study, the PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies provided a high contrast effect for magnetic resonance images for a long time after one treatment, thereby improving the diagnostic visibility of the disease site