Modelling the interaction of graphene oxide using an atomistic-continuum model

In this paper, we construct a continuum model for graphene oxide based upon the Lerf-Klinowski structure to investigate the interaction forces between sheets of graphene oxide. We use the Lennard-Jones potential and coulombic potential to determine the total potential energy between sheets of graphene oxide. We analytically calculate the interaction forces within the system using sums of hypergeometric functions. Our model is then modified to investigate different levels of hydration and oxidation within the system. Our investigations are reconstructed using the LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulator and we find that the analytical solution quickly and effectively calculates results that match well against our simulation data and values taken from literature

Respiratory symptoms according to the presence of prior pulmonary tuberculosis.

<p>(A) In all study subjects; (B) In subjects with normal chest X-rays. <i>p</i> values were adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status.</p

Risk factors for airflow obstruction in total subjects and in subjects with prior pulmonary tuberculosis.

<p>Data are odds ratio (95% confidence interval) and <i>p</i> values.</p><p>In subjects with normal chest x-rays and with prior pulmonary tuberculosis, there was no patient with FEV₁/FVC % < 70 and FEV₁% < 30.</p><p>FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; OR: odds ratio; TB: tuberculosis.</p><p>*Multivariate logistic regression with age, sex, asthma, smoking amount and prior pulmonary TB.</p><p>**Multivariate logistic regression with age, sex, asthma, smoking amount and inactive TB lesion on chest x-ray.</p><p>Risk factors for airflow obstruction in total subjects and in subjects with prior pulmonary tuberculosis.</p

Clinical characteristics of the study population.

<p>Data are means ± SD or percentages.</p><p>FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FEV₆: forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds; FEF_25-75%: forced expiratory flow 25–75%; PEF: peak expiratory flow; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>Clinical characteristics of the study population.</p

Lung functions according to the presence of prior pulmonary tuberculosis.

<p>(A) In all study subjects; (B) In subjects with normal chest X-rays. FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second.</p

β‑Amyloid and α‑Synuclein Cooperate To Block SNARE-Dependent Vesicle Fusion

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein (αS), respectively. Ample evidence suggests that these two pathogenic proteins are closely linked and have a synergistic effect on eliciting neurodegenerative disorders. However, the pathophysiological consequences of Aβ and αS coexistence are still elusive. Here, we show that large-sized αS oligomers, which are normally difficult to form, are readily generated by Aβ₄₂-seeding and that these oligomers efficiently hamper neuronal SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion. The direct binding of the Aβ-seeded αS oligomers to the N-terminal domain of synaptobrevin-2, a vesicular SNARE protein, is responsible for the inhibition of fusion. In contrast, large-sized Aβ₄₂ oligomers (or aggregates) or the products of αS incubated without Aβ₄₂ have no effect on vesicle fusion. These results are confirmed by examining PC12 cell exocytosis. Our results suggest that Aβ and αS cooperate to escalate the production of toxic oligomers, whose main toxicity is the inhibition of vesicle fusion and consequently prompts synaptic dysfunction

Association with handgrip strength and severity of European Quality of Life Scale-Five Dimensions (n = 18,708).

Abbreviations: EQ-5D: European Quality of Life Scale-Five Dimensions. £Level ‘1’: no problems, ‘2’: some problems, ‘3’: extreme problems. *P-value was adjusted by age and pulmonary function (normal, restrictive, and obstructive).</p

Baseline characteristics of the study population.

BackgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) is acknowledged as a key indicator of overall physical fitness and is associated with various health outcomes.ObjectivesThis research investigates the correlation between HGS and quality of life (QoL), focusing on its relation to pulmonary function in the general adult population.MethodThe study involved 19,402 participants aged 40 and above, spanning from 2014 to 2019, who underwent pulmonary function and HGS tests. Participants were categorized based on lung function, and regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between HGS and QoL, with adjustments made for lung function.ResultsThe average age of the cohort was 58.2 years, comprising 44.6% males and 41.2% smokers. Out of the 18,708 participants who completed the European Quality of Life Scale-Five Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) assessment, higher severity levels in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression were linked to lower HGS in both sexes. Additionally, among the 3,723 participants who completed the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (HINT-8) assessment, higher severity levels in pain, work, and depression were associated with lower HGS in men. In women, higher severity levels in climbing stairs, pain, vitality, and work correlated with lower HGS.ConclusionsAs problems indicated by EQ-5D worsened, there was a consistent decrease in handgrip strength (HGS) across both genders. The HINT-8 assessment further revealed that increased severity in pain and work-related issues led to reduced HGS in both men and women. This study highlights the relationship between HGS and Quality of Life (QoL), taking lung function into consideration, and underscores the importance of HGS as a potential marker of physical health and fitness.</div

Association with handgrip strength and Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (n = 3723).

£Level ‘1’: no problems, level ‘2’: mild, level ‘3’: moderate, level ‘4’: severe problems. *P-value was adjusted by age and pulmonary function (normal, restrictive, and obstructive).</p

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BackgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) is acknowledged as a key indicator of overall physical fitness and is associated with various health outcomes.ObjectivesThis research investigates the correlation between HGS and quality of life (QoL), focusing on its relation to pulmonary function in the general adult population.MethodThe study involved 19,402 participants aged 40 and above, spanning from 2014 to 2019, who underwent pulmonary function and HGS tests. Participants were categorized based on lung function, and regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between HGS and QoL, with adjustments made for lung function.ResultsThe average age of the cohort was 58.2 years, comprising 44.6% males and 41.2% smokers. Out of the 18,708 participants who completed the European Quality of Life Scale-Five Dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) assessment, higher severity levels in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression were linked to lower HGS in both sexes. Additionally, among the 3,723 participants who completed the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (HINT-8) assessment, higher severity levels in pain, work, and depression were associated with lower HGS in men. In women, higher severity levels in climbing stairs, pain, vitality, and work correlated with lower HGS.ConclusionsAs problems indicated by EQ-5D worsened, there was a consistent decrease in handgrip strength (HGS) across both genders. The HINT-8 assessment further revealed that increased severity in pain and work-related issues led to reduced HGS in both men and women. This study highlights the relationship between HGS and Quality of Life (QoL), taking lung function into consideration, and underscores the importance of HGS as a potential marker of physical health and fitness.</div