Asymptomatic acute brain lesions in AQP4-IgG seropositive patients with NMOSD during an acute attack of optic neuritis or myelitis.

<p>Examples of acute hyperintense lesions in the deep white matter (Aa), periependymal lining of the lateral ventricle (Ba), corpus callosum (Ca), and internal capsule (Da) on T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images during an acute attack of optic neuritis or myelitis. Note that lesions were markedly decreased in size or resolved on follow-up brain magnetic resonance images (Ab, Bb, Cb, Db). Example of a hyperintense lesion on FLAIR images with a high signal on diffusion-weighted images observed in the left periependymal lining of the lateral ventricle (Ea,Eb) and hypothalamus (Fa,Fb).</p

sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231198754 – Supplemental material for Validation of the International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231198754 for Validation of the International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria by Ki Hoon Kim, Su-Hyun Kim, Na Young Park, Jae-Won Hyun and Ho Jin Kim in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Increased frequency of IL-6-producing non-classical monocytes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Gating strategy for both CD14+ monocyte purification and pan-monocyte purification. Cell viability was checked by using PI staining. Monocytes were stained with CD3, CD14, CD19, CD56 and CD66b antibody for both before and after purification samples. Figure S2. Identification of peripheral blood monocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Monocyte subsets were identified by negative selection. Neutrophils, NK cells, B and T cells were excluded by using conventional bivariate scatterplots of side scatter signal versus cell-specific markers. The remaining population was selected with HLA-DR, and was then sub-classified into three monocyte subsets using CD14 versus CD16. Graphs were created using Flowjo software. Figure S3. Percentage of IL-6 positive cells in non-classical monocytes from healthy controls (HC), MS, and NMOSD patients (n = 15). The percentage of IL-6 positive cells in the non-classical monocyte population was calculated for HC, MS, and NMOSD. Graphs were created using Flowjo software. Assessment of statistical significance was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

Chronic cystic changes of brain lesions on MRI.

<p>At the time of an acute brain attack, brain MRI showed multiple T2-hyperintense lesions with subtle T1 hypointensity in the frontal white matter (Aa), corticospinal tract (Ba, Ca), occipital white matter (Da) and corpus callosum (Ea). On follow-up MRI, all T2 hyperintense lesions were markedly decreased in size but revealed focal T1-hypointensity with cystic changes (Ab, Bb, Cb, Db, Eb).</p

Most acute brain lesions in the white matter (Aa, Ba) showed a decrease in size and/or faded.

<p>Most remnant hyperintense lesions in hemispheric white matter on T2/FLAIR images were irregular in shape and located mainly in the subcortical/deep white matter (Ab, Bb). Acute hyperintense lesions in the bilateral hypothalamus (Ca) and around the fourth ventricle and cerebellum (Da, Ea), basal ganglia, and cortical/subcortical (Fa) on T2/FLAIR images resolved completely on follow-up brain MRI (Cb, Db, Eb, Fb).</p

Lesion distribution and chronic changes in brain lesion size on T2-weighted images.

<p>Abbreviations: F, frontal lobe; P-O, parieto-occipital lobe; T, temporal lobe; T2-WI, T2-weighed images; n, number.</p><p>Lesion distribution and chronic changes in brain lesion size on T2-weighted images.</p

Focal atrophy on follow-up brain MRI.

<p>Acute lesions in crus cerebri (Aa) and corpus callosum (Ba) revealed focal atrophy with remnant T2-hyperintense lesions on chronic MRI (Ab, Bb).</p

Lesion distribution and chronic changes in signal intensity of T1-weighted images.

<p>Abbreviations: F, frontal lobe; P-O, parieto-occipital lobe; T, temporal lobe; iso, iso-signal intensity; n, number.</p><p>Lesion distribution and chronic changes in signal intensity of T1-weighted images.</p

Comparison of the high and low risk groups of Rio and modified Rio scores.

<p>Comparison of the high and low risk groups of Rio and modified Rio scores.</p

Statistical values of Rio (RS) and modified Rio (MRS) scores.

<p>Statistical values of Rio (RS) and modified Rio (MRS) scores.</p