Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Difficulty of predicting the presence of lymph node metastases in patients with clinical early stage gastric cancer: a case control study

Scheme showing the relationship between clinical and pathological lymph node assessments. cEGC: clinical stage early gastric cancer; cLN, clinical stage lymph node; pLN: pathological stage lymph node. (TIF 88 kb

A case of gastric cancer metastasis to the breast in a female with <i>BRCA2</i> germline mutation and literature review

<p><b>Introduction:</b> Gastric cancer is a deadly disease. Common sites of distant metastasis of gastric cancer are the peritoneum, liver, lymph nodes, and lung. The breast is a rare site of metastasis in gastric cancer which occurs in males dominantly.</p> <p><b>Patients and methods:</b> Here, we report the first case of metastatic gastric cancer to the breast in a patient with the breast cancer 2 (<i>BRCA2)</i> germline mutation. A 34-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with dyspepsia and a palpable mass in the left breast. Gastric cancer was confirmed to be signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. The breast mass exhibited histological properties consistent with gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry results showed the breast tumor was CDX-2 and CK20-positive, but ER-, CK7-, and GATA3-negative. The <i>BRCA1</i> gene had a wild-type sequence, but a heterozygous variant was discovered in <i>BRCA2</i> in exon 10 (c.1744A > C, p.T582P); the significance of this variant is unknown.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The patient received palliative XELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) with radiation therapy to the stomach. The breast tumor resolved completely, but the overall response was partial.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Gastric cancer metastasis to the breast is rare, but should be considered in young female patients with signet ring cell type gastric cancer.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival of each staging system.

<p>A) TNM 7^th edition system with substages in Yonsei set, B) new TNM staging system with substages in Yonsei set, C) TNM 7^th edition system with substages in NCC set, D) new TNM staging system with substages in NCC set, E) TNM 7^th edition system with substages in TU set, F) new TNM staging system with substages in TU set. NCC, National Cancer Center in Japan; TU, Tokyo University Hospital in Japan.</p

Classification of lymph node groups based on anatomical location.

<p>Lesser curvature (LC) group (station number 1, 3, and 5, according to Japanese classification), greater curvature (GC) group (station number 2, 4sa, 4sb, 4d, 6), and extra-perigastric (EP) group.</p

Overall survival for new N stages.

<p>A) patient survival among each combination of status-based lymph node groups, B) patient survival for each new N stage at pN1 (number of metastatic lymph nodes: 1–2), C) patient survival for each new N stage at pN2 (number of metastatic lymph nodes: 3–6), D) patient survival for each new N new stage at pN3 (number of metastatic lymph nodes ≥ 7). LC, lesser-curvature group; GC, greater-curvature group; EP; extra-perigastric group.</p

The prognostic performance of each staging system (Harrell C-index) at each center.

<p>The prognostic performance of each staging system (Harrell C-index) at each center.</p

Hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazard model and mean survival rates for the TNM 7^th edition and the new staging system.

<p>Hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazard model and mean survival rates for the TNM 7^th edition and the new staging system.</p

MOESM1 of Failure of a patient-derived xenograft for brain tumor model prepared by implantation of tissue fragments

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Culture of tumor spheres from processed specimens

MOESM2 of Failure of a patient-derived xenograft for brain tumor model prepared by implantation of tissue fragments

Additional file 2: Method for culture of tumor spheres from processed specimens

Patient demographics and characteristics of gastric cancer.

<p>Patient demographics and characteristics of gastric cancer.</p