Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ternary Bulk Heterojunction of Nanostructured Perovskite–Low Bandgap Polymer–PCBM for Improved Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells

A new organic–inorganic ternary bulk heterojunction (TBHJ) hybrid configuration comprised of nanostructured (CH₃)₃NHPbI₃ (MAPbI₃) perovskite–low bandgap PCPDTBT–PCBM was investigated. Well-organized TBHJ films were readily prepared by sequential spin-casting of sparsely covered MAPbI₃ nano dots and PCPDTBT–PCBM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composites on ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrates. The TBHJ hybrid device configuration comprising diiooctane (DIO) treated MAPbI₃ perovskite nano dots and a PCPDTBT–PCBM BHJ composite processed with DIO additive exhibited excellent performances. The DIO additive played a key role in developing perovskite structures of MAPbI₃ nano dots and induced the (110) directional crystallinity growth of longitudinal constructive morphologies such as nano rods. The improved photocurrent and fill factor compared to those of conventional BHJ devices led to an increase in efficiency of ∼28%. This improved photovoltaic performance originated from the higher quantum efficiencies contributed by the charge transfer from nanostructured MAPbI₃ perovskite to PCBM. These TBHJs composed of nanostructured MAPbI₃ perovskite, PCPDTBT, and PCBM also facilitated the exciton dissociation in the multi-BHJ system between MAPbI₃ perovskite, PCPDTBT, and PCBM

Sociodemographic, reproductive, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics of study subjects.

<p>CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; HPV, human papillomavirus; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; SD, standard deviation.</p>1<p>Analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables.</p>2<p>Values in rows with different superscripts are significantly different from each other.</p

Association of total calorie intake and physical activity with the risk of CIN1, CIN2/3, and cervical cancer.

<p>ORs, odds ratios; 95% CIs, 95% confidence intervals; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; MET, metabolic equivalent.</p>1<p>Adjusted for age (years, continuous), parity (0, 1, 2, and ≥3), smoking habit status (never vs. ever), menopause (premenopause vs. postmenopause), human papillomavirus infection status (negative vs. positive), alcohol consumption status (never vs. ever), and oral contraceptive use (never vs. ever).</p

Association of height, weight, and BMI with the risk of CIN1, CIN2/3, and cervical cancer.

<p>ORs, odds ratios; 95% CIs, 95% confidence intervals; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; BMI, body mass index.</p>1<p>Adjusted for age (years, continuous), parity (0, 1, 2, and ≥3), smoking habit status (never vs. ever), menopause (premenopause vs. postmenopause), human papillomavirus infection status (negative vs. positive), alcohol consumption status (never vs. ever), and oral contraceptive use (never vs. ever).</p

High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Efficient Semiconducting Small Molecules Containing an Electron-Rich Benzodithiophene Derivative

High-performance organic semiconductors based on an electron-rich alkylsilylethynyl benzodithiophene (TIPSBDT) core were newly synthesized and characterized for use in solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells. The rigid and extended π-conjugation of the TIPSBDT motifs facilitates intramolecular charge transfer and intermolecular π–π packing interactions of semiconducting small molecules in the BHJ film enhanced by processing additives and induces deep HOMO levels producing high open-circuit voltage of ∼1.0 V, exhibiting notable power conversion efficiency of 5.84% from a bulk-heterojunction film with PC₆₁BM

Efficient Organic Semiconductors Containing Fluorine-Substituted Benzothiadiazole for Solution-Processed Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells

The synthesis and photovoltaic characteristics of new organic semiconductors, <b>[bisDMFA-Th]-BT-HxTh</b>_<b>3</b> (<b>1</b>), <b>[bisDMFA-Th]-MonoF-BT-HxTh</b>_<b>3</b> (<b>2</b>), and <b>[bisDMFA-Th]-DiF-BT-HxTh</b>_<b>3</b> (<b>3</b>), are reported. These semiconductors have an unsymmetrical donor A–acceptor–donor B (D_A-A-D_B) framework composed of a benzothiadiazole (BT; fluorinated or unfluorinated) acceptor between two different donors, bisDMFA and terthiophene. We have demonstrated that these compounds are suitable for use in p-type organic semiconductors for high efficiency solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs), for which we achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 4.24% with a maximum <i>V</i>_oc of 0.89 V. The fluorine substitution on BT decreased its HOMO level and increased hole mobilities of <b>[bisDMFA-Th]-BT-HxTh</b>_<b>3</b> derivatives, leading to an increased <i>V</i>_oc in the SMOSCs and improved hole carrier transport properties of the material. In addition, we determined that the insertion of a TiO_<i>x</i> functional layer into a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell significantly reduced the interfacial resistance between the photoactive film and metal electrode, resulting in an increased photocurrent with facile electron transfer between these two layers

Improved External Quantum Efficiency from Solution-Processed (CH₃NH₃)PbI₃ Perovskite/PC₇₁BM Planar Heterojunction for High Efficiency Hybrid Solar Cells

Well-organized (CH₃NH₃)­PbI₃ perovskite films fabricated from various solution-processing conditions were characterized and used in hybrid solar cells with PC₇₁BM planar heterojuncion films, exhibiting a high power-conversion efficiency of 12.2% with the better photocurrent and fill factor compared to those with PC₆₁BM due to a better spectral response in the visible region and a better planar junction with the Ag electrode than the PC₆₁BM