Prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity and lung cancer survival: A pooled analysis of 11 cohorts

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cancer patients. METHODS: Using self-reported data on regular engagement in exercise and sports activities collected at study enrollment, we assessed metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h) of prediagnosis LTPA per week. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, prediagnosis LTPA was classified into inactivity, less than 8.3 and at least 8.3 MET-h per week (the minimum recommended range). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality after adjustment for major prognostic factors and lifetime smoking history. RESULTS: Of 20 494 incident lung cancer patients, 16 864 died, including 13 596 deaths from lung cancer (overall 5-year relative survival rate = 20.9%, 95% CI = 20.3% to 21.5%). Compared with inactivity, prediagnosis LTPA of more than 8.3 MET-h per week was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99), but not with lung cancer-specific mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.04), among the overall population. Additive interaction was found by tumor stage (Pinteraction = .008 for all-cause mortality and .003 for lung cancer-specific mortality). When restricted to localized cancer, prediagnosis LTPA of at least 8.3 MET-h per week linked to 20% lower mortality: multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.99) for lung cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Regular participation in LTPA that met or exceeded the minimum Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced hazards of mortality among lung cancer patients, especially those with early stage cancer

Internet Customer Segmentation Using Web Log Data

The objective of this paper is to analyze web transaction log data that reveal customer behavior in the Internet channel, and to provide a useful online customer segmentation scheme. To achieve this, we analyze the relationship between the behavior of customers for online pet shops and revenue. We use the decision-tree method as a data-mining technique, and clustering analysis to segment customers.  We perform the study in two stages. First, we investigate the web transaction data of both the member customers and nonmember customers of a Korean online pet shop. Second, we narrow down the study focus and analyze only the member customers’ demographic data and their web transaction data. As a result, we obtain several meaningful segments based on customers’ transaction behavior and demographic characteristics. We use web log data to analyze customer transaction behavior and log-in information to analyze customer demographic characteristics. We discuss some strategic implications, for online shopping mall marketing, suggested by the acquired market segments

Highly Scalable Synthesis of MoS2 Thin Films with Precise Thickness Control via Polymer-Assisted Deposition

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Reciprocal Changes Following Cervical Realignment Surgery

Over the last few decades, the importance of the sagittal plane and its contour has gained significant recognition. Through full-body stereoradiography, the understanding of compensatory mechanisms, and the concept of global balance and reciprocal change has expanded. There have been a few reports describing how cervical realignment surgery affects global spinal alignment (GSA) and global balance. Despite the research efforts, the concept of reciprocal change and global balance is still perplexing. Understanding the compensatory status and main drivers of deformity in a patient is vital because the compensatory mechanisms may resolve reciprocally following cervical realignment surgery. A meticulous preoperative evaluation of the whole-body alignment, including the pelvis and lower extremities, is paramount to appreciate optimal GSA in the correction of spinal malalignment. This study aims to summarize relevant literature on the reciprocal changes in the whole body caused by cervical realignment surgery and review recent perspectives regarding cervical compensatory mechanisms

Clinical Impact and Correlations of Odontoid Parameters Following Multilevel Posterior Cervical Fusion Surgery

Objective C2 slope (C2S), a cervical parameter mathematically approximated as T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (T1S–CL), predicts functional improvement in cervical deformity patients. Nonetheless, C2S is a positional parameter based only on the horizontal axis. The current study aims to introduce novel odontoid parameters and establish their relationships with patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods Lateral plain radiographs of 32 adults who underwent multilevel posterior cervical fusion were analyzed. The odontoid parameters included odontoid incidence (OI), C2S, odontoid tilt (OT), and gravity line-C2 distance (GL-C2), while the cervical parameters were the Cobb angle at C0–1, C1–2, C0–2, C2–7, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), T1 slope, and T1S–CL. The range of motion (ROM) of the occipito-atlantoaxial complex was measured in flexion and extension plain radiographs. Scores on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for axial neck (VASn) and arm pain were measured. Results Compared to asymptomatic subjects, patients had larger C2S, cSVA, and T1S–CL, and smaller OT. Preoperatively, OI was significantly correlated with the ROM of C1–2 (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) and C0–2 (r = 0.46, p < 0.01). OT and C2S had significant correlations with the C0–1, C1–2, and C0–2 angles, GL-C2, and T1S–CL. Postoperative NDI scores were significantly correlated with OI (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) and OT (ρ = -0.37, p < 0.05). VASn was significantly correlated with GL-C2 (r = -0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusion The odontoid parameters were significantly correlated with established cervical parameters and HRQoL measures. OI is a constant parameter representing the individual's compensatory reservoir at the upper cervical spine

Characteristics of the Korean stock market correlations

In this study, we establish a network structure of the Korean stock market, one of the emerging markets, with its minimum spanning tree through the correlation matrix. Base on this analysis, it is found that the Korean stock market doesn't form the clusters of the business sectors or of the industry categories. When the MSCI (Morgan Stanley Capital International Inc.) index is exploited, we found that the clusters of the Korean stock market is formed. This finding implicates that the Korean market, in this context, is characteristically different form the mature markets.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, revised on June 200

Hydrogen effects on nanomechanical behavior of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels

Additive manufacturing (AM) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its ability to produce complex engineering components with reduced cost and waste, which simply cannot be made with conventional manufacturing processes. It has been reported that AM 316L austenitic stainless steel (SS) has excellent mechanical properties and possibly even breaks the strength-ductility trade-off. For practical industrial application, it is necessary to investigate the AM steel\u27s resistance to hydrogen embrittlement which is unavoidable in most strucral applications. In this work, we explore the hydrogen effects on nanomechanical responses of AM 316L SS (such as hardness, strain rate sensitivity, activation volume). The obtained results will be compared with those of conventional 316L SS and discussed in terms of hydrogen effect on plastic deformation and microstructure. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract