Mean flow characteristics of two-dimensional wings in ground effect

ABSTRACTThe present study numerically investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional wings in the vicinity of the ground by solving two-dimensional steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the turbulence closure model of the realizable k-ε model. Numerical simulations are performed at a wide range of the normalized ground clearance by the chord length (0.1≤h/C ≤ 1.25) for the angles of attack (0° ≤ α ≤ 10°) in the pre-stall regime at a Reynolds number (Re) of 2×106 based on free stream velocity U∞ and the chord length. As the physical model of this study, a cambered airfoil of NACA 4406 has been selected by a performance test for various airfoils. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio is achieved at α = 4° and h/C = 0.1. Under the conditions of α = 4° and h/C = 0.1, the effect of the Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 4406 is investigated in the range of 2× 10 5 ≤ Re ≤ 2× 109. As Re increases, Cl and Cd augments and decreases, respectively, and the lift-to-drag ratio increases linearly

Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Blockers for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockers (α1-blockers) in the treatment of female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Fourteen studies with 1,319 patients were ultimately included. The study comprised 2 analyses: a comparison of urinary symptom scores, maximal flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume before and after α1-blocker administration in 8 prospective, open-label studies and 5 randomized clinical trials (RCTs); and an evaluation of the same variables in α1-blocker and placebo groups in 4 RCTs. Results The first meta-analysis showed that, following treatment, patients exhibited statistically significant symptom relief (mean difference [MD], -5.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.71 to -3.99; P<0.00001), increased Qmax (MD, 3.67 mL/sec; 95% CI, 2.76–4.59 mL/sec; P<0.00001), and decreased PVR volume (MD, -28.46 mL; 95% CI, -34.99 to -21.93 mL; P<0.00001). In the second meta-analysis, α1-blockers demonstrated significant symptom relief relative to placebo (MD, -1.60; 95% CI, -2.68 to -0.51; P=0.004). However, no significant differences were observed in Qmax (MD, 0.05 mL/sec; 95% CI, -0.74 to 0.83 mL/sec, P=0.91) and PVR (MD, -8.10 mL; 95% CI, -32.32 to 16.12 mL, P=0.51) between the α1-blocker and placebo groups. Conclusions These analyses suggest that α1-blockers are effective in the treatment of female LUTS patients. However, the effect of α1-blockers on female LUTS should be assessed according to the underlying cause, and the role of α1-blockers in combination therapy with other drugs should also be investigated

Initial Clinical Experience of Simultaneous Robot-Assisted Bilateral Partial Nephrectomy and Radical Prostatectomy

A 62-year-old male patient with prostate cancer and bilateral renal cell carcinoma underwent a simultaneous robot-assisted bilateral partial nephrectomy and radical prostatectomy. We describe our initial experience of combined operation with a port strategy allowing reuse of ports and surgical considerations because of prolonged pneumoperitoneum

Minimally invasive treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia : a network metaanalysis (Protocol)

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S We are very grateful to Cochrane Urology, especially the Managing Editor Robert Lane, as well as Cochrane Urology Korea for supporting this review. Furthermore, we are grateful to Gretchen Kuntz for revising and providing feedback on the search strategies. We also thank Marco Blanker, Sevann Helo, and Murad Mohammad for their peer-review input of the protocol. S O U R C E S O F S U P P O R T Internal sources • Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Argentina Salary support for Juan Franco, Luis Garegnani, Camila Micalea Escobar Liquitay • Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea, South Salary support for Jae Hung Jung • Minneapolis VA Health Care System, USA Salary support for Philipp Dahm • Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, USA Support in kind for Philipp DahmPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia : a Cochrane network meta-analysis

Acknowledgements This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [Cochrane Incentive Award (NIHR130819)]. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. We are very grateful to Cochrane Urology, especially Managing Editor Robert Lane, as well as Cochrane Urology Korea, for supporting this review. We are also grateful for the constructive feedback from the Cancer Network and the Methods Support Unit. We also thank Gretchen Kuntz for revising and providing feedback on the search strategies; Marco Blanker, Sevann Helo, and Murad Mohammad for their peer review input of the protocol; Dominik Abt, Bilal Chughtai, and Ahmed Higazy for providing details on the outcomes of their trials, for them to be incorporated accurately in our review; Marc Sapoval, Deepak Agarwal, Cameron Alexander, Harris Foster, and Mitchell Humphreys for their peer review input of the review. Juan Víctor Ariel Franco is a PhD candidate in the Programme of Methodology of Biomedical Research and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)Peer reviewedPostprin

Facile Method for Preparation of Silica Coated Monodisperse Superparamagnetic Microspheres

This paper presents a facile method for preparation of silica coated monodisperse superparamagnetic microsphere. Herein, monodisperse porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene microbeads were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization and subsequently sulfonated with acetic acid/H2SO4. The as-prepared sulfonated macroporous beads were magnetized in presence of Fe2+/Fe3+ under alkaline condition and were subjected to silica coating by sol-gel process, providing water compatibility, easily modifiable surface form, and chemical stability. FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and TGA were employed to characterize the silica coated monodisperse magnetic beads (~7.5 μm). The proposed monodisperse magnetic beads can be used as mobile solid phase particles candidate for protein and DNA separation

Endoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Bleeding Caused by Direct Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion with an Ethanol Injection

We report a case of a man who developed duodenal bleeding caused by direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion, which was successfully treated with endoscopic ethanol injection. A 57-year-old man with known HCC was admitted for melena and exertional dyspnea. He had been diagnosed with inoperable HCC a year ago. Urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed two widely eroded mucosal lesions with irregularly shaped luminal protruding hard mass on the duodenal bulb. Argon plasma coagulation and Epinephrine injection failed to control bleeding. We injected ethanol via endoscopy to control bleeding two times with 14 cc and 15 cc separately without complication. Follow-up EGD catched a large ulcer with necrotic and sclerotic base but no bleeding evidence was present. He was discharged and he did relatively well during the following periods. In conclusion, Endoscopic ethanol injection can be used as a significantly effective and safe therapeutic tool in gastrointestinal tract bleeding caused by HCC invasion