SCREENING OF INDIAN HERBS FOR HAEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY

India is one of the important widespread geographic locations  on mega biodiversity areas on earth. The rich cultural heritage of India is also associated with the use of available ethno medicinal  flora and fauna since ages. To raise this traditional knowledge to global level and to serve the mankind using the same,  a systematic modern approach has been adopted here to ascertain the rational use of traditionally applied Indian herbs for the purpose of healing wounds and controlling haemorrhage from cuts and bruises. In vitro clotting time of blood in presence and  absence  of various plant extracts was used as a guide to study haemostatic activityof the herbs under study. Of the ten plants evaluated, aqueous extracts of Quercus pubescens, Thevetia peruviana proved to have  significant  haemostatic activity at P<0.05 as judged  by Chi Square goodness of fit test, whereas alcoholic extracts of Zingiber officinale, Zanthoxylum rhetsa and petroleum ether extracts of Psidum guajava, Terminalia chebula, Zanthoxylum rhetsa confirmed the same results

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE TABLETS OF ANTIULCER DRUG

ABSTRACTGastroretentive floating drug delivery system is utilised to target drug release in the stomach or to the upper part of intestine. Lansoprazole is proton pump inhibitor intended for oral administration used as antiulcer agent. The present investigation involved formulation and evaluation of Gastroretentive floating tablets of Lansoprazole for prolongation of gastric residence time with a view to deliver the drug at sustained and controlled manner in gastrointestinal tract. The tablets of Lansoprazole were prepared by direct compression method using gas generating agent and different polymer combinations (HPMCK4M, HPMC K100M, Psyllium husk) . The prepared tablets of Lansoprazole were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, buoyancy lag time, total floating time, swelling index, in-vitro dissolution study. The varying concentration of gas generating agent and polymers were found to affect on in-vitro drug release, floating lag time and swelling index. In vitro drug release of floating Gastroretentive tablet of Lansoprazole shown that the formulation F2 was found to be the best formulation as it releases 97.9% Lansoprazole in a controlled manner for extended period of time (upto 12 hrs.)Keywords: Lansoprazole, Gastroretentive, floating tablet, total floating time

Efficacy and safety of SilverNovaTM skin cream in post-aesthetic skin procedures

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SilverNovaTM skin cream composed of SilverSol® (a patented colloidal nano silver technology from American Biotech Labs, USA) with other skin rejuvenators (coconut oil, vitamin E, and hyaluronic acid), in post-aesthetic skin procedure subjects. Methods: In this prospective, interventional, open-label, multicentric study, subjects who undergone post aesthetic procedures were enrolled to receive the application of SilverNovaTM skin cream twice daily. The subjects received the topical application for seven days, after which they were followed up for the next seven days.  Endpoints were assessed at baseline and the end of the treatment (EOT). Primary endpoints were the investigator-assessed erythema, edema, dryness/scaling score, and the subject-assessed product tolerability in terms of burning, stinging, itching, and dryness/tightness. Results: A total of 60 subjects completed the study. There was a significant improvement in erythema, edema, and dryness/scaling score (p<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in burning, itching, and dryness/tightness scores. The physician global improvement assessment scale score was reduced from 3.3 to 1.38 (p<0.0001), showing the resolution of the symptom severity post-treatment with SilverNovaTM skin cream. Colorimetric characterization showed significant improvement in values at the end of the study, reflecting the improvement in skin color and erythema reduction. No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusions: The application of SilverNovaTM cream in the immediate post procedure period significantly reduced the downtime of the treatment and improved patient acceptance of the treatment. This indicates that SilverNovaTM skin cream is a promising therapeutic option for managing the complications associated with aesthetic skin procedures without any safety concerns

Effect of α and β Phase Volume Fraction on Machining Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V

AbstractMicrostructure of titanium alloys has great influence on the manufacturing processes. In the current investigation the effect of change in volume fraction of alpha and transformed beta phase in the bimodal titanium alloy Ti6Al4V was discussed in relation with the mechanical and machining performance. The quenching process in STA (solution treatment and annealing) heat treatment was delayed by 30, 50 and 70 sec to get different microstructural morphology in each heat treated specimen. Face turning experiments with dry and high pressure coolant environment were performed on the solution treated samples. A detailed chip mechanism and microstructural analysis was performed to investigate the role of quench delay and subsequent change in phase volume fraction on thermal softening and frictional phenomenon in machining. The specimen treated with quench delay of 50 sec exhibited poor machinability because of thermal and frictional shock generated at the cutting zone

Impact of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium multidimensional approach on central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in adult intensive care units in eight cities in India

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control approach on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in eight cities of India.MethodsThis was a prospective, before-and-after cohort study of 35650 patients hospitalized in 16 adult intensive care units of 11 hospitals. During the baseline period, outcome surveillance of CLABSI was performed, applying the definitions of the CDC/NHSN (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network). During the intervention, the INICC approach was implemented, which included a bundle of interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on CLABSI rates and consequences, and performance feedback. Random effects Poisson regression was used for clustering of CLABSI rates across time periods.ResultsDuring the baseline period, 9472 central line (CL)-days and 61 CLABSIs were recorded; during the intervention period, 80898 CL-days and 404 CLABSIs were recorded. The baseline rate was 6.4 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days, which was reduced to 3.9 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days in the second year and maintained for 36 months of follow-up, accounting for a 53% CLABSI rate reduction (incidence rate ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.70; p=0.0001).ConclusionsImplementing the six components of the INICC approach simultaneously was associated with a significant reduction in the CLABSI rate in India, which remained stable during 36 months of follow-up

Safety System for Gas Pipeline

To detect a presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your car or in a service station, storage tank environment used MQ-6 Gas sensor. This unit can be easily in incorporated to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG concentration. The sensor has excellent sensitivity, with a quick and excellent response time. Also there is one pressure sensor to detect pressure in gas pipeline. If the LPG sensor senses any gas leakage form storage it will give signal to microcontroller. Also if the pressure of gas increases above given threshold it also give signal to microcontroller. This signal is monitored by the micro controller and it will identify the gas leakage. Now micro controller is turn on LED and buzzer whenever gas is detected by sensor. After few milliseconds delay it also turn off electromagnetic valve and send massages to mobile number. Also if pressure increases then it will turn off the electromagnetic valve

Pulmonary functions' assessment in post-tuberculosis cases by spirometry: Obstructive pattern is predominant and needs cautious evaluation in all treated cases irrespective of symptoms

Background: Approximately 30%–40% patients suffer with lung function issues in spite of successful treatment outcome; and these problems are less documented routinely. Methods: Prospective multicentric study conducted during July 2013–June 2017, to find pulmonary function assessment in posttuberculosis (TB) cases irrespective of their symptoms, included 500 cases in symptomatic and asymptomatic group and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were subjected to spirometry analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. Results: In spirometry assessment of symptomatic post-TB cases, obstructive pattern was predominant type documented in 42% cases. In spirometry assessment of asymptomatic post-TB cases, obstructive pattern is documented in 32%, mixed pattern in 14%, and normal spirometry is documented in 46% cases. In spirometry assessment in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, obstructive pattern is documented in 210 cases and 160 cases, respectively (P < 0.00001). Abnormal lung function is documented in 70% and 54% in symptomatic and asymptomatic post-TB cases, respectively (P < 0.00001). Conclusions: Lung function impairment is known to occur after pulmonary TB irrespective of duration of treatment and outcome of disease. Obstructive lung disease is the predominant lung function impairment in symptomatic cases. Significant number of asymptomatic cases are also having obstructive pattern of lung function in spirometry analysis

Beliefs, experiences and behaviors during diagnosis and treatment of COPD in rural India: A large single center prospective, observational study of 6000 cases in tertiary care setting: Beliefs, experiences and behaviors during diagnosis and treatment of COPD

Background: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to chronic respiratory illness in India. More than half of COPD patients were not getting adequate rationale inhalation treatment in primary to tertiary care setting. Methods Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study conducted during June 2016 to June 2019 in Pulmonary medicine, Venkatesh chest hospital, &amp; MIMSR Medical College, Latur screened 12000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production and shortness of breath and all cases were undergone spirometry and 6000 COPD cases were enrolled. In this study we assessed disease knowledge, methods of treatment offered to all patients before enrollment by applying questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using single proportion test (chi test). Observation and analysis: We have observed 3% study cases were aware about their illness ‘COPD disease’, 54% are not knowing the disease or not counseled for COPD disease ever before and 43 % cases are not convinced as they are having COPD (categorized as ‘difficult patient’) (p&lt;0.0001). Inhalation treatment was offered in only 58% COPD cases, levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% COPD cases (p&lt;0.0001), later being categorized as ‘difficult treatment’ being costlier than former ones. We also observed irrational and exuberant use of oral medicines in 42% COPD cases, theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases and these medicines preferred by treating doctors over inhalation treatment in spite of knowledge of inhalation treatment and categorized as ‘difficult doctor’ (p&lt;0.0001) Conclusion: COPD is less efficiently evaluated and halfheartedly treated in rural setting, and more emphasis to be given to spirometry trainings for proper diagnosis and awareness regarding advantages of inhalation treatment over oral medicines.Background: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to chronic respiratory illness in India. More than half of COPD patients were not getting adequate rationale inhalation treatment in primary to tertiary care setting. Methods Prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire) based complete workup COPD study conducted during June 2016 to June 2019 in Pulmonary medicine, Venkatesh chest hospital, &amp; MIMSR Medical College, Latur screened 12000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production and shortness of breath and all cases were undergone spirometry and 6000 COPD cases were enrolled. In this study we assessed disease knowledge, methods of treatment offered to all patients before enrollment by applying questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using single proportion test (chi test). Observation and analysis: We have observed 3% study cases were aware about their illness ‘COPD disease’, 54% are not knowing the disease or not counseled for COPD disease ever before and 43 % cases are not convinced as they are having COPD (categorized as ‘difficult patient’) (p&lt;0.0001). Inhalation treatment was offered in only 58% COPD cases, levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% COPD cases (p&lt;0.0001), later being categorized as ‘difficult treatment’ being costlier than former ones. We also observed irrational and exuberant use of oral medicines in 42% COPD cases, theophylline in 16% cases, salbutamol in 7% cases, oral steroids in 19% cases and these medicines preferred by treating doctors over inhalation treatment in spite of knowledge of inhalation treatment and categorized as ‘difficult doctor’ (p&lt;0.0001) Conclusion: COPD is less efficiently evaluated and halfheartedly treated in rural setting, and more emphasis to be given to spirometry trainings for proper diagnosis and awareness regarding advantages of inhalation treatment over oral medicines

Assessment of impact of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary nickel levels

Background: The present study was conducted for assessing the impact of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary nickel levels. Materials &amp; methods: A total of 20 subjects who were scheduled to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the present study. Complete demographic details of all the subjects were obtained. A Performa was made and complete clinical findings of all the subjects were recorded. At baseline (during the start of fixed orthodontic treatment), salivary samples were obtained and salivary nickel levels were evaluated using an autoanalyzer. Same procedure was repeated on regular follow-ups and salivary nickel levels were assessed. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software.&nbsp; Results: Mean salivary nickel levels at baseline, 6 months follow-up and 1 year follow-up was 8.9 μg/L, 11.3 μg/L and 8.5 μg/L respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the mean salivary nickel levels at different time intervals. Conclusion: It could be concluded that orthodontic therapy for longer durations with sstainless-steel archwires might elevate slightly, but significantly, salivary nickel levels

Trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis and treatment in rural setting in India: A large, two-center, prospective, observational study of 6000 cases in tertiary care setting in India

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to chronic respiratory illness in India. More than half of COPD patients were not getting adequate rationale inhalation treatment in primary to tertiary care setting. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, interview (questionnaire)-based complete workup COPD study conducted during June 2016 to June 2019 in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Venkatesh Chest Hospital, and MIMSR Medical College, Latur, screened 12,000 cases with chronic respiratory symptoms with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath, and all cases were undergone spirometry and 6000 COPD cases were enrolled. In this study, we assessed disease knowledge and the methods of treatment offered to all patients before enrollment by applying questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using single proportion test (Chi-square test). Observation and Analysis: We have observed that 3% of study cases were aware of their illness “COPD disease,” 54% are not knowing the disease or not counseled for COPD disease ever before, and 43% are not convinced as they are having COPD (categorized as “difficult patient”) (P < 0.0001). Inhalation treatment was offered in only 58% of COPD cases, levosalbutamol monotherapy in 31% of cases, levosalbutamol plus beclometasone in 18% of cases, and formoterol plus budesonide or salmeterol plus fluticasone only in 9% of COPD cases (P < 0.0001), latter being categorized as “difficult treatment” being costlier than former ones. We also observed irrational and exuberant use of oral medicines in 42% of COPD cases, theophylline in 16%, salbutamol in 7%, and oral steroids in 19%, and these medicines were preferred by treating doctors over inhalation treatment in spite of knowledge of inhalation treatment and categorized as “difficult doctor” (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: COPD is less efficiently evaluated and halfheartedly treated in rural setting, and more emphasis should be given to spirometry training for proper diagnosis and awareness regarding advantages of inhalation treatment over oral medicines