Study of early perinatal outcome in lower segment caesarean section in severe foetal distress at tertiary care centre

Background: For asphyxia, the fetus reacts with a series of responses. First there is redistribution of blood flow to vital centres to limit the deleterious effects of oxygen limitation in the brain, heart and adrenal glands. A further compensatory response is that overall fetal oxygen consumption declines to values as low as 50% of the control.Methods: This was a prospective study. Early perinatal outcome of newborns delivered through Caesarean section due to clinical foetal distress in labour was compared with a group of newborns similarly delivered via Caesarean section without a diagnosis of clinical foetal distress. Data collected and analysed using appropriate standard statistical methods i.e. Chi-square (X2) test and ‘Z’ - test.Results: Most common indication for NICU admission in study group was MAS (Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 14%) followed by MAS with perinatal asphyxia (5.33%), MAS with Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) - stage III (3.33%) paerintal asphyxia (2.66%), severe PNA with HIE - III (0.66%) and TTN (0.66%) meconium gastritis (0.66%) respectively.Conclusions: Clinical foetal distress (study group) was found to be significantly associated with low 1 min and 5 min. Apgar score. There was no significant difference in immediate NICU admission whether D-D (i.e. detection fetal detection to delivery interval) time interval 30 minutes. But rate of mortality was high when D-D (i.e. detection fetal detection to delivery interval) was >30 minutes

The role of iron-based nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (AD) performance

Several strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Among them, the use of various nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g. Fe, Ag, Cu, Mn, and metal oxides) is considered one of the most effective approaches to enhance the methanogenesis stage and biogas yield. Iron-based NPs (zero-valent iron with paramagnetic properties (Fe0) and iron oxides with ferromagnetic properties (Fe3O4/Fe2O3) enhance microbial activity and minimise the inhibition effect in methanogenesis. However, comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge on the function and impact of Fe-NPs on methanogens and methanogenesis stages in AD is frequently required. This review focuses on the applicative role of iron-based NPs (Fe-NPs) in the AD methanogenesis step to provide a comprehensive understanding application of Fe-NPs. In addition, insight into the interactions between methanogens and Fe-NPs (e.g. role of methanogens, microbe interaction and gene transfer with Fe-NPs) beneficial for CH4 production rate is provided. Microbial activity, inhibition effects and direct interspecies electron transfer through Fe-NPs have been extensively discussed. Finally, further studies towards detecting effective and optimised NPs based methods in the methanogenesis stage are reported

Application of iron‐cobalt‐copper (Fe‐Co–Cu) trimetallic nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a commercial technology for bioenergy technology, which is a naturally occurring process of various microbial actions that break down organic waste materials and produce energy as biogas. Nevertheless, AD efficiency can be reduced due to substrate loading, ammonia inhibition, low methane yield, and impure feedstock. The supplementation of various metal nanoparticles (NPs) has shown significant results for higher biogas production in the AD process. Iron (Fe)–based NPs are an essential complement to microbes for higher biogas production in the AD process. In this study, Fe-Co–Cu TMNPs were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method using metal salt (Fe(NO3)3, Co(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2), and precipitants. The structure and morphology of the TMNPs are characterized by Fourier-transformation (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM/EDX). Furthermore, the effect of Fe-Co–Cu trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) in five different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) on palm oil mill effluent (POME)–based AD process for biogas production. The results showed that biogas yield increased by 5.66%, 7.54%, and 11.11% when using 20, 30, and 50 mg/L Fe-Co–Cu TMNPs. With the same TMNP concentration (10 mg/L and 40 mg/L), biogas yield was reduced by 26.41% and 11.11%, respectively. The economic feasibility and sustainability of Fe-Co–Cu TMNPs manufacturing and applying Fe-Co–Cu TMNPs in the AD process have been demonstrated. The assay showed the negative and positive effects of Fe-Co–Cu TMNPs in the POME-based AD process. The result of the present study indicates a possible new strategy for the preparation and design of NPs to enhance biogas production

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-