Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on performance of hybrid napier in semiarid ecosystem of Gujarat

The present study was undertaken during 2011-12 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Panchmahal to find out the effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on performance of hybrid napier in semi-arid ecosystem of Gujarat. The results revealed that the different spacing could not exert significant effect on the plant height, whereas nitrogen levels significantly influenced the plant height. The application of higher dose of nitrogen (200 kg/hr) significantly exhibited higher plant (132.25 cm) followed by 175 and 150 kg/ha N. Tillers/clump and leaf stem ratio was influenced significantly owing to different spacing and levels of nitrogen. The highest leaf stem ratio and more number of leaves/stem were recorded with the spacing of 75 cm × 60 cm and application of 200 kg/ha. The green fodder yield was increased significantly with increasing the spacing and levels of nitrogen. Interaction effect of adoption of spacing and levels of nitrogen indicate that the treatment combination having spacing 75 cm × 60 cm and nitrogen level 200 kg/ha recorded significantly highest green fodder yield. Higher gross returns, net return with maximum benefit cost ratio were recorded when the clumps were planted at the spacing 75 cm × 60 cm with of 200 kg/ha N

Effect of sowing time on productivity and economics of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under semi-arid conditions

An investigation to study the effect date of sowing on productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cv. Gujarat Okra 2 was carried out at the five farmer's field at Panchmahals district of central Gujarat under on farm trial during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The maximum plant height (97.15 cm) at the time of first flowering, number of branches (4.10), pod length (11.55 cm), pod diameter (14.20 cm), number of pods/plant (9.25), pod weight (32.40g) and fruit yield (10.41 tonnes/ha) were recorded in T2. The minimum time (60.50 days) for flowering was recorded in T1. The maximum gross return (Rupees 116 265) and net return (Rupees 86 980) was recorded in T1 followed by T3 (Rupees 87 590, 58 390) and (Rupees 75 895, 45 778) in T2. The maximum B: C ratio (3.97) was recorded in T1 followed by T3 and T2. The B: C ratio is one of most important aspect for selection of particular crop and season by the farmers to maximize the productivity and net return. The farmers of adjoining area have realized the effect of sowing time on productivity and net return and have adopted this technology

High spin band structures in doubly-odd 194^{194}Tl

The high-spin states in odd-odd $^{194}$Tl nucleus have been studied by populating them using the $^{185,187}$Re($^{13}$C, xn) reactions at 75 MeV of beam energy. $\gamma-\gamma$ coincidence measurement has been performed using the INGA array with a digital data acquisition system to record the time stamped data. Definite spin-parity assignment of the levels was made from the DCO ratio and the IPDCO ratio measurements. The level scheme of $^{194}$Tl has been extended up to 4.1 MeV in excitation energy including 19 new gamma ray transitions. The $\pi h_{9/2} \otimes \nu i_{13/2}$ band, in the neighboring odd-odd Tl isotopes show very similar properties in both experimental observables and calculated shapes. Two new band structures, with 6-quasiparticle configuration, have been observed for the first time in $^{194}$Tl. One of these bands has the characteristics of a magnetic rotational band. The cranked shell model calculations, using a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, have been performed to obtain the total Routhian surfaces in order to study the shapes of the bands and the band crossing in $^{194}$Tl. The semiclassical formalism has been used to describe the magnetic rotational band.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Subclinical candiduria in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies : a preliminary study on the protective effect of a natural phitocompound

Amyloid-\u3b2 (A\u3b2) peptide aggregation forms such as soluble oligomers (O) have a causal role in neuronal dysfunction and death associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The main efforts for the development of neuroprotective drugs are therefore focused on preventing A\u3b2 production, aggregation or downstream neurotoxic events. We therefore investigated the effect of guanosine (GUO), a guanine based purine, that exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. The GUO showed the ability to reduce neuronal death in terms of apoptosis, but not necrosis, elicited by A\u3b21-42O in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect was recorded only when the GUO was added simultaneously to treatment of the SH-SY5Y cells with A\u3b21-42O. By contrast, the GUO treatment of SH-SY5Y cells before and after the appearance of \u3b21-42O toxicity had no neuroprotective effects. The employment of specific inhibitors showed the involvement of neuronal survival pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK-ERK for the GUO anti-apoptotic effects observed. In parallel, the SH-SY5Y cells treated with GUO, in experimental conditions similar to those adopted to evaluate neuronal death, showed a marked decrease of the early reactive oxygen species formation induced by A\u3b21-42O and pro-oxidant H2O 2. In the same neuronal model, GUO was also shown to inhibit the extra- and intra-cellular A\u3b21-42 release as well as the \u3b2-secretase activity evoked by H2O2 pro-oxidant action. Based on these findings, GUO and other guanine based purines appear to be a promising class of compounds with neuroprotective properties that may play an important role in the therapy of AD. Copyrigh

Observation of multiple doubly degenerate bands in ¹⁹⁵Tl

The High-spin states in 195 Tl, populated through the 185,187 Re( 13 C, xn) fusion evaporation reaction at the beam energy of 75 MeV, were studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). More than 50 new γ transitions have been placed in the proposed level scheme which is extended up to the excitation energy of ≈ 5.6 MeV and spin =22.5ħ . Two pairs of degenerate bands based on two different quasi-particle configurations have been identified in this nucleus indicating the first observation of such bands in an odd- A nucleus in A∼190 region and signify the first evidence of multiple chiral bands in a nucleus in this region. The total Routhian surface calculations predict triaxial shapes for both the configurations and thereby, support the experimental observation. The importance of multiple neutron holes in the i13/2 orbital and the stability of shapes for these two configurations have been discussed.Financial support of Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India for clover detectors of INGA (Grant No. IR/S2/PF-03/2003-II) is greatfully acknowledged. One of the authors (S. Bhattacharya) acknowledges with thanks the financial support received as Raja Ramanna Fellowship from the Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India. T.R and Md. A.A acknowledge with thanks the financial support received as research fellows from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Govt. of India

An efficient approach for the synthesis of the hexahydroazepine segment of balanol

An efficient approach for the synthesis of the hexahydroazepine segment of balanol is described in seven steps in a highly stereoselective manner starting from (S)-2,3-O-isopropylidine glyceraldehyde