379 research outputs found

    L'Europe sociale

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    La fin d’une politique d’exception:L’émergence du gender mainstreaming et la normalisation de la politique communautaire d’égalitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes

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    Cet article analyse le processus de construction progressive d’une politique communautaire d’égalitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes depuis les annĂ©es 1970, puis le processus de mise sur agenda du principe d’intĂ©gration transversale d’une dimension de genre dans l’ensemble des politiques publiques (gender mainstreaming) au niveau communautaire, de la fin des annĂ©es 1980 au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000. L’émergence puis l’institutionnalisation de cet instrument d’action publique sont Ă  l’origine d’une modification graduelle de la conception et de la prise en compte du problĂšme des inĂ©galitĂ©s entre les femmes et les hommes. Elles sont Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©latrices tant du changement profond qu’a connu la politique d’égalitĂ© de l’Union europĂ©enne que de l’évolution radicale de la distribution du pouvoir entre acteurs et actrices fĂ©ministes et non fĂ©ministes en son sein.This article analyzes the process of progressive elaboration of the UE gender equality policy since the 1970s, and the agenda-setting process of gender mainstreaming at the EU level from the end of the 1980s to the beginning of the 2000s. The emergence and subsequent institutionalization of this policy instrument resulted in incremental changes in the notion, conceptualization and public treatment of the problem of gender inequalities. Our analysis of this process reveals the profound transformation that EU gender-equality policy underwent during that period, but also the dramatic shift in the distribution of power between feminists and non-feminists in the gender-equality struggle

    Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "Innovative Governance in the European Union. The Politics of Multilevel Policymaking"

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    Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "Innovative Governance in the European Union. The Politics of Multilevel Policymaking" (Ingeborg Tömmel and Amy Verdun ed.), Lynne Rienner Pub. (2009)

    National welfare state reforms and the question of Europeanization: from impact to usages

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    This paper reviews the literature concerned with the interaction between the European Union and national welfare state reforms. Its interest lies in the studies that have been proposed of the interplay between the European Union and national policy-making in the field of social protection. Two main ways of approaching the analysis of this interaction can be identified. These two strands of literature are linked to different understanding of the question of the impact of the EU. A first one relates to the eventual outcomes of the influence of European integration on national welfare state reforms: does Europe matter at all? What is the content of this influence, its meaning and orientation? The second strand is linked to the assessment of the mechanisms of the influence of European integration in a changing policy-making environment: how does the EU matter? Many variables have to be taken into account, including informal and interactive forms of influence. Having reviewed these debates, this paper turns to the main axes for future research, pointing to the role of actors as mediators of European impact – and not only as transmission and intermediary variables. In order to capture the processes of transformation related to domestic adaptation to European integration, a crucial point is the political construction of impacts, i.e. the "usages" of Europe

    Change and Continuity in European Governance

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    Since the mid 1990s, European governance has evolved substantially, particularly in thedirection of fewer constraints: flexibility, coordination, peer monitoring, and soft law havebecome fashionable themes. The literature on new modes of governance (or NMGs) hasflourished alongside these transformations. But is the existence of new instruments ofgovernance necessarily synonymous with an innovative way of doing things? Is it really thecase that NMGs now play a central role in EU policy-making? Are we witnessing theemergence of an entirely new system of governance at the European level? In order toaddress these questions, this paper begins by briefly making the point that the concept ofgovernance is better suited to describing the way public policy is conducted in the EuropeanUnion, than that of government. It then moves to a discussion of the main trends that areidentified as NMGs in order to assess to what extent they can properly be described asnew. This is followed by an overview of more traditional forms of EU action, which showsthat old governance has far from disappeared.The European system of governance is thus a good example of change in continuity: oldand new are not mutually exclusive and this hybrid situation may in part be due to the greatcontiguity that exists between new modes of governance and their forerunners. New modesof governance are best analysed as an accentuation of the original features of the system,rather than as outright innovations. Both were largely conceived to respond to the sameneed, to provide a framework for interstate cooperation without leading to an unwanteddegree of centralisation. This is not without analogy with the metaphor of the marble cake,used over a century ago by Morton Grodzins to describe the coexistence of several varietiesof federalism in American government. Pure innovations are rare in the world of governance.directives; European law; governance; legitimacy; multilevel governance; open coordination; policy coordination; soft law

    Le gender mainstreaming et l’Union europĂ©enne : de l’égalitĂ© d’impact des politiques publiques Ă  l’impact sur les politiques d’égalitĂ©

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    PrĂšs de vingt ans aprĂšs son Ă©mergence, et aprĂšs quinze ans de mise en oeuvre effective au niveau europĂ©en, qu’en est-il des effets du gender mainstreaming, cet instrument qui s’attache Ă  identifier l’impact Ă©ventuel de l’action publique sur les femmes et les hommes ainsi que sur les rapports de genre ? L’article vise Ă  Ă©valuer les effets de ce nouvel instrument d’action publique sur la politique qui constitue son berceau, c’est-Ă -dire la politique de promotion de l’égalitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes. Le gender mainstreaming n’est ni une simple consĂ©quence ni une cause parmi d’autres du changement de la politique communautaire d’égalitĂ©. Il en est certes un rĂ©vĂ©lateur, mais il en est aussi un des leviers principaux. En tant qu’instrument d’action publique, il a des effets propres qui ont conduit Ă  une transformation en profondeur du rĂ©gime de genre de l’Union europĂ©enne.Close to 20 years after its emergence and after some 15 years of implementation throughout the European Union (EU), what have been the effects of gender mainstreaming, a public policy instrument that seeks to identify the potential impact of government initiatives on women, men and gender relations ? This paper sets out to assess the effects of this new instrument of public action on the policy that nurtured it : the policy of promoting equality between women and men. Gender mainstreaming is neither a simple consequence nor just one of several causes of the change in EU equality policy. It is not just a revealing aspect of it, but also one of the main levers. As an instrument of public action, it has had distinctive effects that have brought about sweeping changes in the EU’s gender regime

    Les effets de l'européanisation dans le domaine social - Entre influence européenne et usages nationaux

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    À la croisĂ©e de plusieurs champs de recherche au sein des Ă©tudes europĂ©ennes, l’objectif de ce numĂ©ro de Politique europĂ©enne est de poursuivre la rĂ©flexion sur les interactions entre l’intĂ©gration europĂ©enne et les transformations des politiques publiques nationales ainsi que sur les outils analytiques permettant de saisir au mieux ces interactions, tout en prenant appui sur les politiques sociales et les rĂ©formes rĂ©centes dans ce domaine afin d’illustrer ces interrogations. Il s’agit en effet de faire le pari que le social constitue un laboratoire, ou tout au moins un miroir grossissant, des Ă©volutions de la gouvernance europĂ©enne et, par ricochet, qu’il permet d’éclairer les modes d’influence de l’Union europĂ©enne sur le niveau national (...)

    National Welfare State Welfare Reforms and the Question of Europeanization: From Impact to Usages

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    This paper reviews the literature concerned with the interaction between the European Union and national welfare state reforms. Its interest lies in the studies that have been proposed of the interplay between the European Union and national policy-making in the field of social protection. Two main ways of approaching the analysis of this interaction can be identified. These two strands of literature are linked to different understanding of the question of the impact of the EU. A first one relates to the eventual outcomes of the influence of European integration on national welfare state reforms: does Europe matter at all? What is the content of this influence, its meaning and orientation? The second strand is linked to the assessment of the mechanisms of the influence of European integration in a changing policy-making environment: how does the EU matter? Many variables have to be taken into account, including informal and interactive forms of influence. Having reviewed these debates, this paper turns to the main axes for future research, pointing to the role of actors as mediators of European impact – and not only as transmission and intermediary variables. In order to capture the processes of transformation related to domestic adaptation to European integration, a crucial point is the political construction of impacts, i.e. the “usages” of Europe

    Aux frontiÚres de l'action publique:L'instrumentation comme logique de (dé)sectorisation

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    Ce chapitre revient sur la notion de secteur, telle que dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans les travaux de Pierre Muller, et en discute l’actualitĂ© pour l’analyse de l’action publique. Il s’organise en trois temps : 1) Comment la notion de secteur a-t-elle Ă©tĂ© conceptualisĂ©e par la discipline, 2) en quoi, et sous quelles conditions, cette notion permet toujours de penser la capacitĂ© politique Ă  rĂ©guler – ou pas – les activitĂ©s et les groupes, 3) et enfin, Ă  partir de rĂ©sultats de recherche rĂ©cents sur l’instrumentation de l’action publique, comment expliquer la robustesse du secteur comme espace spĂ©cifique d’intĂ©gration et de reprĂ©sentation des intĂ©rĂȘts
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