379 research outputs found
LâeÌlaboration de la directive 76/207/CEE : une anomalie europeÌenne ? De lâeÌgaliteÌ de reÌmuneÌration aÌ lâeÌgaliteÌ de traitement et aÌ lâeÌgaliteÌ des chances:De lâeÌgaliteÌ de reÌmuneÌration aÌ lâeÌgaliteÌ de traitement et aÌ lâeÌgaliteÌ des chances
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La fin dâune politique dâexception:LâĂ©mergence du gender mainstreaming et la normalisation de la politique communautaire dâĂ©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes
Cet article analyse le processus de construction progressive dâune politique communautaire dâĂ©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes depuis les annĂ©es 1970, puis le processus de mise sur agenda du principe dâintĂ©gration transversale dâune dimension de genre dans lâensemble des politiques publiques (gender mainstreaming) au niveau communautaire, de la fin des annĂ©es 1980 au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000. LâĂ©mergence puis lâinstitutionnalisation de cet instrument dâaction publique sont Ă lâorigine dâune modification graduelle de la conception et de la prise en compte du problĂšme des inĂ©galitĂ©s entre les femmes et les hommes. Elles sont Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©latrices tant du changement profond quâa connu la politique dâĂ©galitĂ© de lâUnion europĂ©enne que de lâĂ©volution radicale de la distribution du pouvoir entre acteurs et actrices fĂ©ministes et non fĂ©ministes en son sein.This article analyzes the process of progressive elaboration of the UE gender equality policy since the 1970s, and the agenda-setting process of gender mainstreaming at the EU level from the end of the 1980s to the beginning of the 2000s. The emergence and subsequent institutionalization of this policy instrument resulted in incremental changes in the notion, conceptualization and public treatment of the problem of gender inequalities. Our analysis of this process reveals the profound transformation that EU gender-equality policy underwent during that period, but also the dramatic shift in the distribution of power between feminists and non-feminists in the gender-equality struggle
Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "Innovative Governance in the European Union. The Politics of Multilevel Policymaking"
Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "Innovative Governance in the European Union. The Politics of Multilevel Policymaking" (Ingeborg Tömmel and Amy Verdun ed.), Lynne Rienner Pub. (2009)
National welfare state reforms and the question of Europeanization: from impact to usages
This paper reviews the literature concerned with the interaction between the European Union and national welfare state reforms. Its interest lies in the studies that have been proposed of the interplay between the European Union and national policy-making in the field of social protection.
Two main ways of approaching the analysis of this interaction can be identified. These two strands of literature are linked to different understanding of the question of the impact of the EU. A first one relates to the eventual outcomes of the influence of European integration on national welfare state reforms: does Europe matter at all? What is the content of this influence, its meaning and orientation? The second strand is linked to the assessment of the mechanisms of the influence of European integration in a changing policy-making environment: how does the EU matter? Many variables have to be taken into account, including informal and interactive forms of influence. Having reviewed these debates, this paper turns to the main axes for future research, pointing to the role of actors as mediators of European impact â and not only as transmission and intermediary variables. In order to capture the processes of transformation related to domestic adaptation to European integration, a crucial point is the political construction of impacts, i.e. the "usages" of Europe
Change and Continuity in European Governance
Since the mid 1990s, European governance has evolved substantially, particularly in thedirection of fewer constraints: flexibility, coordination, peer monitoring, and soft law havebecome fashionable themes. The literature on new modes of governance (or NMGs) hasflourished alongside these transformations. But is the existence of new instruments ofgovernance necessarily synonymous with an innovative way of doing things? Is it really thecase that NMGs now play a central role in EU policy-making? Are we witnessing theemergence of an entirely new system of governance at the European level? In order toaddress these questions, this paper begins by briefly making the point that the concept ofgovernance is better suited to describing the way public policy is conducted in the EuropeanUnion, than that of government. It then moves to a discussion of the main trends that areidentified as NMGs in order to assess to what extent they can properly be described asnew. This is followed by an overview of more traditional forms of EU action, which showsthat old governance has far from disappeared.The European system of governance is thus a good example of change in continuity: oldand new are not mutually exclusive and this hybrid situation may in part be due to the greatcontiguity that exists between new modes of governance and their forerunners. New modesof governance are best analysed as an accentuation of the original features of the system,rather than as outright innovations. Both were largely conceived to respond to the sameneed, to provide a framework for interstate cooperation without leading to an unwanteddegree of centralisation. This is not without analogy with the metaphor of the marble cake,used over a century ago by Morton Grodzins to describe the coexistence of several varietiesof federalism in American government. Pure innovations are rare in the world of governance.directives; European law; governance; legitimacy; multilevel governance; open coordination; policy coordination; soft law
Le gender mainstreaming et lâUnion europĂ©enne : de lâĂ©galitĂ© dâimpact des politiques publiques Ă lâimpact sur les politiques dâĂ©galitĂ©
PrĂšs de vingt ans aprĂšs son Ă©mergence, et aprĂšs quinze ans de mise en oeuvre effective au niveau europĂ©en, quâen est-il des effets du gender mainstreaming, cet instrument qui sâattache Ă identifier lâimpact Ă©ventuel de lâaction publique sur les femmes et les hommes ainsi que sur les rapports de genre ?
Lâarticle vise Ă Ă©valuer les effets de ce nouvel instrument dâaction publique sur la politique qui constitue son berceau, câest-Ă -dire la politique de promotion de lâĂ©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes. Le gender mainstreaming nâest ni une simple consĂ©quence ni une cause parmi dâautres du changement de la politique communautaire dâĂ©galitĂ©. Il en est certes un rĂ©vĂ©lateur, mais il en est aussi un des leviers principaux. En tant quâinstrument dâaction publique, il a des effets propres qui ont conduit Ă une transformation en profondeur du rĂ©gime de genre de lâUnion europĂ©enne.Close to 20 years after its emergence and after some 15 years of implementation throughout the European Union (EU), what have been the effects of gender mainstreaming, a public policy instrument that seeks to identify the potential impact of government initiatives on women, men and gender relations ? This paper sets out to assess the effects of this new instrument of public action on the policy that nurtured it : the policy of promoting equality between women and men. Gender mainstreaming is neither a simple consequence nor just one of several causes of the change in EU equality policy. It is not just a revealing aspect of it, but also one of the main levers. As an instrument of public action, it has had distinctive effects that have brought about sweeping changes in the EUâs gender regime
Les effets de l'européanisation dans le domaine social - Entre influence européenne et usages nationaux
à la croisée de plusieurs champs de recherche au sein des études européennes,
lâobjectif de ce numĂ©ro de Politique europĂ©enne est de poursuivre
la rĂ©flexion sur les interactions entre lâintĂ©gration europĂ©enne et les
transformations des politiques publiques nationales ainsi que sur les outils
analytiques permettant de saisir au mieux ces interactions, tout en prenant
appui sur les politiques sociales et les réformes récentes dans ce domaine
afin dâillustrer ces interrogations. Il sâagit en effet de faire le pari que le social
constitue un laboratoire, ou tout au moins un miroir grossissant, des Ă©volutions
de la gouvernance europĂ©enne et, par ricochet, quâil permet dâĂ©clairer
les modes dâinfluence de lâUnion europĂ©enne sur le niveau national (...)
National Welfare State Welfare Reforms and the Question of Europeanization: From Impact to Usages
This paper reviews the literature concerned with the interaction between the European Union and national welfare state reforms. Its interest lies in the studies that have been proposed of the interplay between the European Union and national policy-making in the field of social protection. Two main ways of approaching the analysis of this interaction can be identified. These two strands of literature are linked to different understanding of the question of the impact of the EU. A first one relates to the eventual outcomes of the influence of European integration on national welfare state reforms: does Europe matter at all? What is the content of this influence, its meaning and orientation? The second strand is linked to the assessment of the mechanisms of the influence of European integration in a changing policy-making environment: how does the EU matter? Many variables have to be taken into account, including informal and interactive forms of influence. Having reviewed these debates, this paper turns to the main axes for future research, pointing to the role of actors as mediators of European impact â and not only as transmission and intermediary variables. In order to capture the processes of transformation related to domestic adaptation to European integration, a crucial point is the political construction of impacts, i.e. the âusagesâ of Europe
Aux frontiÚres de l'action publique:L'instrumentation comme logique de (dé)sectorisation
Ce chapitre revient sur la notion de secteur, telle que dĂ©veloppĂ©e dans les travaux de Pierre Muller, et en discute lâactualitĂ© pour lâanalyse de lâaction publique. Il sâorganise en trois temps : 1) Comment la notion de secteur a-t-elle Ă©tĂ© conceptualisĂ©e par la discipline, 2) en quoi, et sous quelles conditions, cette notion permet toujours de penser la capacitĂ© politique Ă rĂ©guler â ou pas â les activitĂ©s et les groupes, 3) et enfin, Ă partir de rĂ©sultats de recherche rĂ©cents sur lâinstrumentation de lâaction publique, comment expliquer la robustesse du secteur comme espace spĂ©cifique dâintĂ©gration et de reprĂ©sentation des intĂ©rĂȘts
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