Parasitoses digestives chez le jeune enfant en milieu extra-hospitalier tropical

Une étude copro-parasitologique est effectuée, dans un village du Sud-Togo, chez des enfants de 6 mois à 3 ans faisant l'objet d'un suivi nutritionnel. Ce travail montre que 42,5 % des enfants sont porteurs de parasites et 12,1 % polyparasités. Les parasites les plus fréquents sont : Giardia (21 %), Ankylostome (13 %) et Ascaris (12,5 %). Le parasitisme et le polyparasitisme s'observent respectivement à partir de 9 mois et 18 mois et leurs fréquences augmentent avec l'âge. En revanche, la fréquence des selles diarrhéiques décroît avec l'âge et aucun parasite ne semble directement et exclusivement à l'origine de ces diarrhées. La répartition des parasites et des selles diarrhéiques est indépendante du sexe. Aucune relation n'a été mise en évidence entre l'état nutritionnel et la fréquence des parasites et des selles diarrhéiques. Après traitement, les taux de réinfestation sont élevés pour Ankylostome (65 %), Tricocéphale (50 %) et Giardia (34,2 %). (Résumé d'auteur

A confluência entre a perspectiva soviética do direito internacional e o tratamento estatal russo aos direitos humanos de indivíduos LGBT (2006-2017)

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho visa a identificar os possíveis pontos de confluência entre a perspectiva soviética para o direito internacional e o tratamento estatal russo aos direitos humanos de indivíduos LGBT entre 2006 e 2017, inserido no cenário de retorno da narrativa de identidade nacional russa. Através deste estudo, procura-se especificar os pontos de similaridade, quebra ou continuidade entre a abordagem soviética para o direito internacional, particularmente no que diz respeito ao campo do direito internacional dos direitos humanos, e a atual posição depreendida da oposição aos direitos de pessoas LGBT em um contexto de nacionalismo e contraposição internacional. Primeiramente, estabelecem-se os aspectos comuns aos diferentes autores que marcaram a visão soviética para o direito internacional – a valorização do princípio da soberania, a primazia do direito interno sobre o direito internacional, a desconsideração do indivíduo como seu sujeito e a oposição ao Ocidente por meio do discurso dos direitos humanos – em um enquadramento teórico do nativismo e do universalismo como vertentes da abordagem russa. Em seguida, apresenta-se um panorama da defesa dos direitos humanos de indivíduos LGBT na Federação Russa entre 2006-2017 por meio do apontamento de aspectos legislativos, administrativos, políticos e jurisprudenciais de violações estatais aos direitos básicos dos mesmos. Por fim, retoma-se a perspectiva soviética para os direitos humanos e os indivíduos LGBT, e apontam-se os elementos de confluência evidenciados através da recente narrativa de identidade nacional defendida pelo Kremlin, como exposta em discursos presidenciais, nas manifestações da Igreja Ortodoxa Russa e da Corte Constitucional da Federação Russa. Através dessas análises, conclui-se que a retomada de aspectos nativistas da perspectiva soviética para a compreensão do direito internacional na narrativa de identidade nacional russa coloca em detrimento os direitos humanos de indivíduos LGBT por caracterizá-los como opositores ocidentais liberais à soberania russa.The present essay aims to identify the possible confluence points between the Soviet perspective to international law and the Russian state treatment to human rights of LGBT persons from 2006 to 2017, set in the scene of a return to Russian national identity narratives. Through this study, we seek to specify the similarities, ruptures and continuities between the Soviet approach to international law, particularly in respect to the field of international law of human rights, and the current Russian stance inferred from the objection to granting LGBT individuals rights in a context of nationalism and international opposition. Initially, we establish the common aspects between the different authors who shaped the Soviet view of international law – notably the high regard to the principle of sovereignty, the primacy of domestic law over international law, the disregard of the individual as its subject and the antagonism to Western human rights protection discourse – in a theoretical framework of nativism and universalism as strands of the Russian approach. Secondly, we seek to present an outlook of the protection of human rights of LGBT individuals in the Russian Federation between 2006-2017 through pointing out legislative, administrative, political and jurisprudential instances of state violation of their basic human rights. Finally, we refer to the Soviet stance on human rights and LGBT individuals, and identify the confluent elements expressed through the recent Kremlin backed national Russian identity narrative, as overt in presidential speeches and statements of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. From these analyzes, we conclude that the return of nativist aspects deriving from the Soviet perspective to the understanding of international law in the Russian national identity narrative happens at the expense of human rights of LGBT individuals due to their characterization as Western liberal objectors to Russian sovereignty.Настоящее эссе направлено на выявление возможных точек слияния между советской точкой зрения на международное право и российского государственного режима прав человека ЛГБТ представителей с 2006 по 2017 год, установленного в событии возвращения к русскому национальному описанию идентичности. В рамках этого исследования мы стремимся указать сходства и различия между советским подходом к международному праву, особенно в области прав человека, и нынешней российской позицией, исходящей из возражения против предоставления прав сексуальным меньшинствам в контексте национализма и международной оппозиции. Сначала мы устанавливаем общие аспекты между разными авторами, которые сформировали советское мировоззрение, в частности, особое отношение к принципу суверенитета, превосходство национального права над международным, пренебрежение личностью как субъектом и антагонизм к западному правозащитному дискурсу - в теоретических рамках нативизма и универсализма как направления Российского подхода. Во-вторых, мы стремимся представить обозрение защиты прав людей с нетрадиционной сексуальной ориентацией в Российской Федерации в период между 2006-2017 годами, указав законодательные, административные, политические и судебные нарушения государством основных прав человека. Наконец, мы ссылаемся на советскую позицию по правам человека и представителей сексуальных меньшинств, а также выявляем соединяющиеся элементы, выраженные в недавнем подтвержденном Кремлем национальном российском самосознании, и в публичных выступлениях Президента и заявлениях Русской Православной Церкви и Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации. Из этих анализов мы делаем вывод, что возвращение нативистских аспектов, вытекающих из советской точки зрения, к пониманию международного права в российской национальной самобытности, происходит за счет прав людей с нетрадиционной сексуальной ориентацией в связи с тем, что их характеризуют как западных либеральных противников российского суверенитета

Intricate visibility effects from resolved emission of young stellar objects: the case of MWC158 observed with the VLTI

In the course of our VLTI young stellar object PIONIER imaging program, we have identified a strong visibility chromatic dependency that appeared in certain sources. This effect, rising value of visibilities with decreasing wavelengths over one base, is also present in previous published and archival AMBER data. For Herbig AeBe stars, the H band is generally located at the transition between the star and the disk predominance in flux for Herbig AeBe stars. We believe that this phenomenon is responsible for the visibility rise effect. We present a method to correct the visibilities from this effect in order to allow "gray" image reconstruction software, like Mira, to be used. In parallel we probe the interest of carrying an image reconstruction in each spectral channel and then combine them to obtain the final broadband one. As an illustration we apply these imaging methods to MWC158, a (possibly Herbig) B[e] star intensively observed with PIONIER. Finally, we compare our result with a parametric model fitted onto the data.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

The state of adoption and the challenges of systematic variability management in industry

Handling large-scale software variability is still a challenge for many organizations. After decades of research on variability management concepts, many industrial organizations have introduced techniques known from research, but still lament that pure textbook approaches are not applicable or efficient. For instance, software product line engineering—an approach to systematically develop portfolios of products—is difficult to adopt given the high upfront investments; and even when adopted, organizations are challenged by evolving their complex product lines. Consequently, the research community now mainly focuses on re-engineering and evolution techniques for product lines; yet, understanding the current state of adoption and the industrial challenges for organizations is necessary to conceive effective techniques. In this multiple-case study, we analyze the current adoption of variability management techniques in twelve medium- to large-scale industrial cases in domains such as automotive, aerospace or railway systems. We identify the current state of variability management, emphasizing the techniques and concepts they adopted. We elicit the needs and challenges expressed for these cases, triangulated with results from a literature review. We believe our results help to understand the current state of adoption and shed light on gaps to address in industrial practice.This work is supported by Vinnova Sweden, Fond Unique Interminist´eriel (FUI) France, and the Swedish Research Council. Open access funding provided by University of Gothenbur

Iron deficiency, cell-mediated immunity and infection among 6-36 month old children living in rural Togo

Relationships between iron deficiency, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and morbidity were studied in 220 children in rural south Togo. Iron deficiency was defined by abnormal values of at least two biochemical indicators of iron status viz. (i) plasmat ferritin, (ii) transferrin saturation, (iii) erythrocyte protophorphyrin. In children without any sign of inflammation, the percentage of B lymphocytes was higher in iron-deficient than in iron-sufficient children (26.7 +/- 2.9 vs 18 +/- 1.5). Mature T lymphocyte and helper-inducer T lymphocyte percentages were lower (51.6 +/- 3.7 vs 62.2 +/- 1.6 and 32.5 +/- 2.4 vs 38.7 +/- 1.4, p <0.05 respectively). The number of mature T and helper-inducer T lympphocytes was inversely related to iron status. No alteration of the CMI function assessed by delayed skin hypersensitivity was observed. Prevalence of diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections and febrile episodes was increased in iron-deficient children. (Résumé d'auteur