VB and predicted linear and conformational B epitope localisation on the DBL3X structure.

<p>On the DBL3X structure of DBL6ε (PDB: 3BQK) were localized: <b>A</b>) variable blocks coloured in red, isolated mutated amino acids in bleu, and in <b>B</b>) the predicted linear B epitopes are coloured in orange.</p

VB localisation on the DBL3X structure.

<p>VB1, VB2, VB3, VB4, VB5, VB6, and VB7 are coloured in green, yellow, dark purple, pink, orange, red, blue and turquoise blue on the DBL6ε structure. Both figures represent the protein with a 180° rotation.</p

VB localisation and characterisation on each DBL from VAR2CSA.

<p>Five DBL1X, DBL2X, DBL3X, DBL4ε, DBL5ε, and DBL6ε from VAR2CSA were chosen from data banks to have the least similar sequence within their VB and were aligned to determine and compare the localization and the length of the VB. Amino acids were coloured following their similarity: green: 100% similar; khaki: 80 to 100% similar; orange: 60 to 80% similar; gray: less than 60% similar. VB1, VB2, VB3, VB4, VB4 extension, VB5, VB6, VB7, and VB7 extension were coloured in green light, yellow, pink, red light, orange, uncoloured, purple, gray and green. Each sequence is labelled on the left by the DBL number and ID in data banks. Order of DBL in this alignment is related to their sequence identity.</p

Characterization of the recognition of consensus sequences from 4 VB from DBL6ε by purified IgGs from the plasma of pregnant women.

<p>ELISA reactivity of VB1 (blue), VB2 (red), VB4 (green), and VB5 (black) is plotted on a graph. Along X, the percentage of responders, and along Y, the geometric mean of the antibody response of responders within non-infected (<b>A</b>) or infected women during pregnancy (<b>B</b>). A positive response is defined as an IgG response greater than the average of the values of its group +2 standard deviations of European women response. Repartitions of dots differ in infected and non-infected women: dots of non-infected women being grouped while those of infected women are sparse.</p

Number of consensus sequences recognized by purified IgGs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) From the plasma of pregnant women having been infected (n = 39) or not (n = 41) by <i>P. falciparum</i> during their pregnancy; (<b>B</b>) according to parity. The top, bottom, and middle lines of the boxes correspond to the 75^th percentile, 25^th percentile, and 50^th percentile (median), respectively. The whiskers extend from the 10^th percentile and top 90^th percentile.</p

Percentage of responders against group of sequences formed within VB.

<p>Percentage of responders (with a OD higher than mean +2 standard deviations of European women response) that recognized group of consensus sequences within each VB, within both VB1 and VB5, or within all VB shows that almost all women have IgG reacting with at least one of the 15 studied consensus sequences, with 85% APPI.</p

Results of quantitative multipoint linkage analysis obtained from the regress-based method implemented in MERLIN program for chromosomes 13–22 and pseudo-autosomal region of chromosome X.

<p>Genetic position (cM) is plotted along the x axis. The dotted line indicates the LOD score associated with the threshold p-value of 10⁻³ and the dashed-dotted line the LOD score associated the threshold p-value of 10⁻⁴.</p

Results of quantitative multipoint linkage analysis obtained from the regress-based method implemented in MERLIN program for chromosomes 1–12.

<p>Genetic position (cM) is plotted along the x axis. The dotted line indicates the LOD score associated with the threshold p-value of 10⁻³ and the dashed-dotted line the LOD score associated the threshold p-value of 10⁻⁴.</p

Distribution of raw data and phenotypes of analysis sample (372 children).

<p>(Ai to Di) Raw data. (Ai) Mean of the whole parasite density values per children. (Bi) Mean of parasite density values per children considering only positive thick blood smears. (Ci) Rate of positive thick blood smears per child during the follow-up. (Di) Total number of mild clinical malaria attacks experienced per children during the active clinical survey. (Aii to Dii) Phenotypes. (Aii) Mean level of <i>P.falciparum</i> density. (Bii) Intensity of <i>P.falciparum</i> infection. (Cii) Prevalence of <i>P.falciparum</i> infection. (Dii) Mild Malaria Attack.</p

Additional file 1: of Immunoglobulin response to Plasmodium falciparum RESA proteins in uncomplicated and severe malaria

Alignment of amino acid sequences of RESA-1, RESA-2 and RESA-3 proteins. Alignment was performed to highlight the homology or the difference of sequences between RESAs and selected peptides