Relative expansion of lymphocyte subpopulations in the subacute phase compared to the acute phase of Legionnaires’ disease.

<p>RE, relative expansion: relative decrease or increase of the different absolute lymphocyte subpopulation counts in the acute versus the subacute phase compared to the relative increase of the absolute lymphocyte count in the same period; all data presented as mean and standard deviation; NK, natural killer cells; *Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, significant difference p-value <0.05.</p

Baseline characteristics upon hospitalization of Legionnaires’ disease patients (n = 8).

<p>NA, not applicable; M, male, F, female; Temp, temperature (C) upon presentation to the ED; CRP, C-reactive protein (mg/l); WBC, white blood cell (10⁹/l); lymphocyte count expressed as 10⁹/l; X-ray, chest radiography results upon presentation to the ED; AB, adequate antibiotics within 12 hours after presentation; Duration of symptoms before ED presentation, ICU, Intensive Care Unit admission, LOS, length of stay.</p

CRP levels, WBC counts, absolute neutrophil -, absolute lymphocyte - and lymphocyte subpopulation counts in the acute and subacute phase of Legionnares’ disease (n = 8) and in age and gender matched healthy controls (n = 8).

<p>NA, not applicable; LD, Legionnaires’ disease; CRP, C-reactive protein (mg/l); WBC, white blood cell (10⁹/l); absolute neutrophil count expressed as 10⁹/l; NK, natural killer; absolute lymphocyte count expressed as 10⁹/l; lymphocyte subpopulation counts expressed as 10⁶/l; all data presented as median and range; *p-value Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests for differences in CRP levels, WBC counts, absolute neutrophil, absolute lymphocyte and lymphocyte subpopulation counts between the acute and subacute phase of LD; <b>^#</b>p-value Mann Whitney U tests for differences between the subacute phase of LD and healthy controls.</p

Flow cytometric analysis of activated CD4⁺ T-cells (top) and activated CD8⁺ T-cells (bottom) in the acute (left) and subacute phase (right) in one Legionnaires’ disease patient.

<p>Activated T-cells are defined as CD38+ and HLA-DR+ double positive cells and located in the upper right quadrants of each dot plot. The numbers represent the percentage of cells in the upper right quadrant.</p