4,253 research outputs found
Community Detection in Quantum Complex Networks
Determining community structure is a central topic in the study of complex
networks, be it technological, social, biological or chemical, in static or
interacting systems. In this paper, we extend the concept of community
detection from classical to quantum systems---a crucial missing component of a
theory of complex networks based on quantum mechanics. We demonstrate that
certain quantum mechanical effects cannot be captured using current classical
complex network tools and provide new methods that overcome these problems. Our
approaches are based on defining closeness measures between nodes, and then
maximizing modularity with hierarchical clustering. Our closeness functions are
based on quantum transport probability and state fidelity, two important
quantities in quantum information theory. To illustrate the effectiveness of
our approach in detecting community structure in quantum systems, we provide
several examples, including a naturally occurring light-harvesting complex,
LHCII. The prediction of our simplest algorithm, semiclassical in nature,
mostly agrees with a proposed partitioning for the LHCII found in quantum
chemistry literature, whereas our fully quantum treatment of the problem
uncovers a new, consistent, and appropriately quantum community structure.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Laser-induced plasma generation of terahertz radiation using three incommensurate wavelengths
We present the generation of THz radiation by focusing ultrafast laser pulses with three incommensurate wavelengths to form a plasma. The three colors include 800 nm and the variable IR signal and idler outputs from an optical parametric amplifier. We observe that stable THz is generated when all three colors are present, with a peak-to-peak field strength of ~200 kV cm^(−1) and a relatively broad, smooth spectrum extending out to 6 THz, without any strong dependence on the selection of signal and idler IR wavelengths (in the range from 1300 to 2000 nm). We confirm that three colors are indeed needed, and we present plasma current modeling that corroborates our observations
The Myth of Strategic and Tactical Airlift
In the 21st century, our ability to quickly and decisively deliver combat forces and equipment is of the utmost importance in achieving our national security objectives. The swiftness and flexibility of the US Air Force’s mobility airlift fleet is the key to executing a rapid global mobility strategy. The operational effectiveness and efficiency of military air transportation relies on the expertise and intuition of Air Mobility Command’s (AMC) mobility planners. Working in coordination with the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) and geographic combatant commands (GCC), AMC is responsible for the tasking and tracking of almost 900 daily mobility sorties worldwide. Using a hub-and-spoke model, mobility planners conceptualize airlift requirements and routes as either tactical or strategic in nature. Airlift assets are also considered this way. Tactical aircraft (usually C-130 variants) are smaller and are used primarily for intratheater airlift within a defined area of responsibility (AOR). Strategic aircraft (C-5B/M, C-17A) have larger payload capacities and extended ranges, making them useful for intertheater transportation between two different AORs or GCCs
Laser-induced plasma generation of terahertz radiation using three incommensurate wavelengths
We present the generation of THz radiation by focusing ultrafast laser pulses with three incommensurate wavelengths to form a plasma. The three colors include 800 nm and the variable IR signal and idler outputs from an optical parametric amplifier. We observe that stable THz is generated when all three colors are present, with a peak-to-peak field strength of ~200 kV cm^(−1) and a relatively broad, smooth spectrum extending out to 6 THz, without any strong dependence on the selection of signal and idler IR wavelengths (in the range from 1300 to 2000 nm). We confirm that three colors are indeed needed, and we present plasma current modeling that corroborates our observations
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. VI. The reliability of far-ultraviolet flux as a star formation tracer on sub-kpc scales
We have used optical observations of resolved stars from the Panchromatic
Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) to measure the recent (< 500 Myr) star
formation histories (SFHs) of 33 FUV-bright regions in M31. The region areas
ranged from ~ to pc, which allowed us to test the reliability
of FUV flux as a tracer of recent star formation on sub-kpc scales. The star
formation rates (SFRs) derived from the extinction-corrected observed FUV
fluxes were, on average, consistent with the 100-Myr mean SFRs of the SFHs to
within the 1 scatter. Overall, the scatter was larger than the
uncertainties in the SFRs and particularly evident among the smallest regions.
The scatter was consistent with an even combination of discrete sampling of the
initial mass function and high variability in the SFHs. This result
demonstrates the importance of satisfying both the full-IMF and the
constant-SFR assumptions for obtaining precise SFR estimates from FUV flux.
Assuming a robust FUV extinction correction, we estimate that a factor of 2.5
uncertainty can be expected in FUV-based SFRs for regions smaller than
pc, or a few hundred pc. We also examined ages and masses derived from UV
flux under the common assumption that the regions are simple stellar
populations (SSPs). The SFHs showed that most of the regions are not SSPs, and
the age and mass estimates were correspondingly discrepant from the SFHs. For
those regions with SSP-like SFHs, we found mean discrepancies of 10 Myr in age
and a factor of 3 to 4 in mass. It was not possible to distinguish the SSP-like
regions from the others based on integrated FUV flux.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Calculation of nonzero-temperature Casimir forces in the time domain
We show how to compute Casimir forces at nonzero temperatures with
time-domain electromagnetic simulations, for example using a finite-difference
time-domain (FDTD) method. Compared to our previous zero-temperature
time-domain method, only a small modification is required, but we explain that
some care is required to properly capture the zero-frequency contribution. We
validate the method against analytical and numerical frequency-domain
calculations, and show a surprising high-temperature disappearance of a
non-monotonic behavior previously demonstrated in a piston-like geometry.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review A Rapid
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