Thermal analyses of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) scientific instrument using the NASTRAN thermal analyzer (NTA): A general purpose summary

The NTA Level 15.5.2/3, was used to provide non-linear steady-state (NLSS) and non-linear transient (NLTR) thermal predictions for the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) Scientific Instrument (SI). NASTRAN structural models were used as the basis for the thermal models, which were produced by a straight forward conversion procedure. The accuracy of this technique was sub-sequently demonstrated by a comparison of NTA predicts with the results of a thermal vacuum test of the IUE Engineering Test Unit (ETU). Completion of these tasks was aided by the use of NTA subroutines

View factor computer program (VIEW)

Existing view factor program, RAVFAC, was modified to accept NASTRAN and/or RAVFAC surface descriptions. Output formatting was altered to produce view factor matrices which could be directly input to NASTRAN

Wind tunnel model and method

The design and development of a wind tunnel model equipped with pressure measuring devices are discussed. The pressure measuring orifices are integrally constructed in the wind tunnel model and do not contribute to distortions of the aerodynamic surface. The construction of a typical model is described and a drawing of the device is included

Heater improves cold-temperature capacity of silver-cadmium batteries

Eight heaters are included in 14-cell package to provide 14-Vdc. Each heater is 11-ohm self-adhesive strip placed across broad face of each pair of cells. They are installed before cells are wired. Heaters are in series and are connected through pair of redundant thermostats

Unique research challenges for high-speed civil transports

Market growth and technological advances are expected to lead to a generation of long-range transports that cruise at supersonic or even hypersonic speeds. Current NASA/industry studies will define the market windows in terms of time frame, Mach number, and technology requirements for these aircraft. Initial results indicate that, for the years 2000 to 2020, economically attractive vehicles could have a cruise speed up to Mach 6. The resulting research challenges are unique. They must be met with technologies that will produce commercially successful and environmentally compatible vehicles where none have existed. Several important areas of research were identified for the high-speed civil transports. Among these are sonic boom, takeoff noise, thermal management, lightweight structures with long life, unique propulsion concepts, unconventional fuels, and supersonic laminar flow

Theoretical photodetachment cross section for the negative atomic oxygen ion

Theoretical photodetachment cross section for negative atomic oxygen io

Executive Pensions

Because public firms are not required to disclose the monetary value of pension plans in their executive pay disclosures, financial economists have generally analyzed executive pay using figures that do not include the value of such pension plans. This paper presents evidence that omitting the value of pension benefits significantly undermines the accuracy of existing estimates of executive pay, its variability, and its sensitivity to performance companies. Studying the pension arrangements of CEOs of S&P 500, we find that the CEOs' plans had a median actuarial value of $15 million; that the ratio of the executives' pension value to the executives' total compensation (including both equity and non-equity pay) during their service as CEO had a median value of 34%; and that including pension values increased the median percentage of the executives' total compensation composed of salary-like payments during and after their service as CEO from 15% to 39%.

Anisotropic evolution of D-dimensional FRW spacetime

We examine the time evolution of the D=d+4 dimensional Einstein field equations subjected to a flat Robertson-Walker metric where the 3D and higher-dimensional scale factors are allowed to evolve at different rates. We find the exact solution to these equations for a single fluid component, which yields two limiting regimes offering the 3D scale factor as a function of the time. The fluid regime solution closely mimics that described by 4D FRW cosmology, offering a late-time behavior for the 3D scale factor after becoming valid in the early universe, and can give rise to a late-time accelerated expansion driven by vacuum energy. This is shown to be preceded by an earlier volume regime solution, which offers a very early-time epoch of accelerated expansion for a radiation-dominated universe for d=1. The time scales describing these phenomena, including the transition from volume to fluid regime, are shown to fall within a small fraction of the first second when the fundamental constants of the theory are aligned with the Planck time. This model potentially offers a higher-dimensional alternative to scalar-field inflationary theory and a consistent cosmological theory, yielding a unified description of early- and late-time accelerated expansions via a 5D spacetime scenario.Comment: Title changed from "A possible higher-dimensional alternative to scalar-field inflationary theory". Several new results have been added including a predicted lower- and upper-bound on the time scales marking the end of an early-time inflationary epoch and the beginning of an FRW epoch for d=

Categorical Cognition: A Psychological Model of Categories and Identification in Decision Making

There is a wealth of research in psychology demonstrating that agents process information with the aid of categories. In this paper we study this phenomenon in two parts. First, we build a model of how experiences are sorted into categories and how categorization affects decision making. Second, we analyze the personal biases that result from categorization, in economic contexts. We show that discrimination can result from such cognitive processes even when there is no malevolent taste to do so and workers' qualifications are fully observable. The model also provides a framework that is equipped to investigate the social psychological concept of identity, where identity is viewed as self-categorization.