Selective human tau protein expression in different clock circuits of the Drosophila brain disrupts different aspects of sleep and circadian rhythms

Circadian behavioural deficits, such as increased daytime naps and reduced night-time sleep, are common in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. But it has remained unclear whether these circadian abnormalities arise from tau pathology in either the master pacemaker or downstream neurons. Here we study this question by selectively expressing different human tau proteins in specific Drosophila brain circuits and monitoring locomotor activity under light-dark (LD) and in “free-running” dark-dark (DD) conditions. We show that expressing human tau proteins in the fly brain recapitulates faithfully several behavioural changes found in tauopathies. We identify discrete neuronal subpopulations within the clock network as the primary target of distinct circadian behavioural disturbances in different environmental conditions. Specifically, we show that the PDF-positive pacemaker neurons are the main site for night-activity gain and -sleep loss, whereas the non-PDF clock-neurons are the main site of reduced intrinsic behavioural rhythmicity. Bioluminescence measurements revealed that the molecular clock is intact despite the behavioural arrhythmia. Our results establish that dysfunction in both the central clock- and afferent clock-neurons jointly contribute to the circadian locomotor activity rhythm disruption in Drosophila expressing human tau. Significance Statement: This study directly links in vivo human tau protein expression in region-specific Drosophila clock-neurons with the resulting sleep and circadian rhythm deficits to extract new knowledge of how Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies perturb the balance of activity and sleep. We anticipate that this novel approach will provide a useful general template for other studies of neurodegeneration in model organisms, seeking to dissect the impact of neurodegenerative disease on circadian behaviour, and further deepening our understanding of how the clock-neuron network works

Ca2+-activated K+ channels reduce network excitability, improving adaptability and energetics for transmitting and perceiving sensory information

Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK and SK) are ubiquitous in synaptic circuits, but their role in network adaptation and sensory perception remains largely unknown. Using electrophysiological and behavioral assays and biophysical modelling, we discover how visual information transfer in mutants lacking the BK channel (dSlo-), SK channel (dSK-) or both (dSK-;;dSlo-) is shaped in the female fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) R1-R6 photoreceptor-LMC circuits (R-LMC-R system) through synaptic feedforward-feedback interactions and reduced R1-R6 Shaker and Shab K+ conductances. This homeostatic compensation is specific for each mutant, leading to distinctive adaptive dynamics. We show how these dynamics inescapably increase the energy cost of information and promote the mutants’ distorted motion perception, determining the true price and limits of chronic homeostatic compensation in an in vivo genetic animal model. These results reveal why Ca2+-activated K+ channels reduce network excitability (energetics), improving neural adaptability for transmitting and perceiving sensory information