32 research outputs found
Income More Reliably Predicts Frequent Than Intense Happiness
There is widespread consensus that income and subjective well-being are linked, but when and why they are connected is subject to ongoing debate. We draw on prior research that distinguishes between the frequency and intensity of happiness to suggest that higher income is more consistently linked to how frequently individuals experience happiness than how intensely happy each episode is. This occurs in part because lower-income individuals spend more time engaged in passive leisure activities, reducing the frequency but not the intensity of positive affect. Notably, we demonstrate that only happiness frequency underlies the relationship between income and life satisfaction. Data from an experience sampling study (N = 394 participants, 34,958 daily responses), a preregistered cross-sectional study (N = 1,553), and a day reconstruction study (N = 13,437) provide empirical evidence for these ideas. Together, this research provides conceptual and empirical clarity into how income is related to happiness.</p
Entropies, level-density parameters, and fission probabilities along the triaxially- and axially-symmetric fission paths in Lv
We employ a statistical approach to investigate the influence of axial
asymmetry on the nuclear level density and entropy along the fission pathways
of a superheavy nucleus, explicitly focusing on the Lv isotope. These
pathways are determined within multidimensional deformation spaces. Our
analysis reveals a significant impact of triaxiality on entropy. Additionally,
suppressing shell effects can alter the fission scenario depending on the
available excitation energy. We derive the deformation-dependent level density
parameter, which plays a crucial role in estimating the survival probability of
a superheavy nucleus. Furthermore, we utilize a set of master equations to
obtain the time-dependent fission probabilities and calculate the ratio of
decay probabilities for both axial and triaxial paths.Comment: submitted to PR
Multi-step particle emission probabilities in superheavy nuclei at moderate excitation energies
The probabilities of -, -, and -evaporation channels in
excited superheavy nuclei were evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The
calculations utilized microscopically determined nuclear level densities and
were compared with results obtained from the phenomenological Jackson formula.
Effective temperatures derived from the microscopic approach were incorporated
into the Jackson formula for different evaporation channels at low and moderate
excitation energies. Additionally, an analytical formula was introduced to
estimate the average kinetic energy of emitted particles in multi-step
processes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Hot and cold fusion reactions leading to the same superheavy evaporation residue
Excitation functions are predicted for the production of isotopes of a superheavy nucleus with charge number in the -evaporation channels of the complete fusion reactions Ca+U for future experiments. The calculated production cross section of the Cn isotope in the hot fusion reaction Ca+U is compared with the experimental one in the cold fusion reaction Zn+Pb. The strong correlation between the fusion probability and asymmetry in the entrance reaction channel is revealed. The possibility of filling the gap between the isotopes of superheavy nuclei with produced in cold and hot fusion reactions is indicated
COVID-19 Provides a Rare Opportunity to Create a Stronger, More Equitable Society
COVID-19—and the ensuing economic fallout—exposed society’s vast inequalities. Current stimulus plans and ongoing debates revolve around restoring society to its pre-COVID-19 state, a singular focus driven by a prevalent status quo bias. We propose that policymakers should adopt a more ambitious goal: to take advantage of the change momentum of COVID-19 to reduce social inequalities in order to build society’s resilience for the next time disaster strikes. We suggest that this redesign will require a focus on the multidimensional nature of social and economic inequalities, and a shift toward strengthening communities rather than a sole focus on individual households and businesses. This crisis should be seen as a unique window for restructuring society by creating new norms and ideals rather than returning to the pre-COVID-19 status quo