The Use of Three-dimensional Analysis of GPR Data in Evaluation of Operational Safety of Airfield Pavements

AbstractDiagnosis of airfield pavements is an important component of airport managing. Proper diagnosis makes possible to take optimal decisions in terms of ongoing maintenance and repairs, which in the case of airfields is of particular importance, among others, in the context of seasonal changes in the intensity of air traffic. The completeness and accuracy of gathered data is important in the diagnostic activities, what means that the entire airfield road network should be measured and identification of all relevant pavement construction parameters at regular intervals should be done. These capabilities give the Ground Penetrating Radar technique (GPR), which enables the evaluation of the pavement structure in different ways and outlining different aspects of construction.GPR application as a tool supporting the process of state assessment gives a wider and better understanding of the potential damage of pavement. Properly prepared methodology of measurement, configuration and selection of the measurement system creates the possibility of observation of the investigated object, not only in a single plane of a typical radar profiling, but also in the three-dimensional image. Spatial representation obtained on the basis of synchronized profiling allows precise localization of interlayer boundaries in longitudinal and transverse directions. An important advantage of three-dimensional analysis is the ability of imaging data by the use of horizontal cuts (slices). This makes it possible to identify plane direction and depth of the cracks and crevices of concrete slabs covered with layers of asphalt or concrete. An additional element of the GPR data analysis can be quantitative assessment of dowels in concrete slabs, reinforcement of prefabricated elements supporting pavement structure, as well as location of pipes, cables, tie bars and other.The paper presents the series of examples illustrating the use of GPR technique as supporting in the process airfield pavement assessment

Influence of temperature on results of control tests carried out within the framework of load capacity measurements of road pavements with the use of TSD deflectometer

Nośność konstrukcji nawierzchni drogowych jest traktowana jako kluczowy element planowania utrzymania i procesu decyzyjnego na poziomie sieci. Biorąc pod uwagę ugięcia jako bezpośredni wskaźnik nośności nawierzchni, można precyzyjnie oraz skutecznie ocenić zarówno odcinki, jak i całą sieć drogową. Do prawidłowej oceny tego parametru niezbędna jest efektywna metoda pomiarowa oraz zapewnienie możliwie najwyższej jakości danych. Wykonanie pomiaru ugięć na poziomie sieci jest możliwe dzięki zastosowaniu ugięciomierza Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD), który jest najnowocześniejszym urządzeniem diagnostycznym na świecie, natomiast utrzymanie jakości danych powinno następować poprzez wdrażanie odpowiednich procedur kontrolno-pomiarowych. W artykule przedstawiono jedną z najczęściej stosowanych metod kontroli własnej pomiarów ugięć z wykorzystaniem ugięciomierza TSD oraz związany z tą metodą problem oceny wyników kontroli w kontekście różnic rejestrowanych wartości temperatur nawierzchni. Stwierdzono, że temperatura nawierzchni powinna być uwzględniona w procesie kontroli zapewnienia jakości pomiarów ugięć tym urządzeniem.Bearing capacity of the pavement structures is important part of the modern Pavement Management Systems (PMS). Thus bearing capacity has to be considered as key element of maintenance planning as well as decision-making process at the network level. Considering deflection as a direct indication of pavement bearing capacity, it is possible to precisely and effectively assess individual sections or entire road network. Nowadays, such measurements are possible on the network level thanks to Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) which is a state-of-the-art diagnostic device in the world. This paper presents one of the most commonly used methods for self-inspection of deflection measurements using TSD deflectometer and the related problem of evaluating the results of the inspection in the context of differences in recorded pavement temperature values

High frequency impulse ground penetrating radar application in assessment of interlayer connections

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique is commonly used in the nondestructive evaluation of pavement structures. In particular, this method is used to estimate thicknesses of pavement layers as well as it can be utilized in advanced studies of pavement structures. The device presented in this paper comprise the high frequency impulse antennas that allow for investigating the interlayer zones in terms of their electromagnetic properties (e.g. dielectric constant). In some cases these electromagnetic responses can be suitable in the assessment of layer bonding in the pavement structure. This paper discusses the assessment of the quality of asphalt pavement interlayer bonding with the use of high frequency GPR techniques. The preliminary laboratory measurements were performed using an impulse antenna in the zero-offset configuration combined with the large-scale models simulating an idealized horizontal delamination. These measurements allowed to estimate the antenna sensitivity to detect interlayer connection under dry and wet conditions. Analysis of collected results led to formulating practical conclusions regarding critical limitations of the measuring system and adequate methods of signal processing and interpretation. The field investigations consisted of the GPR measurements along selected road sections and collection of the core samples at the locations associated with the specific reflexes. Inspection of the cores provided some real insights into the structure of different delaminations associated with characteristic reflexes. Analysis showed the reflection properties are able to expresses some important features of the interlayer zone, such as delaminations, presence of alien material at the interface, insufficient compaction occurring at the base of layer, and water penetration