Synthesis and characterization of fish scales of hydroxyapatite/collagen-silver nanoparticles composites for the applications of bone filler

The most implanted tissue after blood is a bone, which consists of collagen and hydroxyapatite as the major components. Collagen is a nature-based polymer that is available in skin and tendons, whereas hydroxyapatite is a natural ceramic that is available abundantly in teeth. The composites of hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/Col) have been reported to be the most encouraging bone graft because of the likenesses with the natural bones. Furthermore, the integration of the nano silvers in the composites’ matrix has been predicted to lead to antimicrobial reactions. This study combined the natural fish scales hydroxyapatite (FsHAp), fish scale collagen (FsCol), and nanosilver (Ag) to develop the composites of FsHAp/FsCol/nAg with various ratios of content. FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM were employed to identify the chemical structure and morphology of the tested composites. Similar processes were conducted to study the swelling ratio, biostability, and antibacterial features of the composites. The cytotoxicity of the FsHAp/FsCol/AgNPs composites was evaluated using Alamar blue assay. The outcome revealed that 80:20 of the HA/Col composite showed higher stability than other ratio compositions. The morphology of the composites demonstrated a homogeneous surface with nanosilvers scattered evenly in the matrix. Additionally, the activities of the antimicrobial in the composites were found against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). For the cytotoxicity study, the composites showed non-toxic effects on MG-63 human cells at high concentrations

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tilapia Scale Hydroxyapatite-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

The effects of filler loading and silane coupling agent on the properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been studied. The (HAp) powder was successfully produced from tilapia scales using the spray drying process utilized to prepare the HDPE/HAp composites. The FTIR peaks for the untreated HDPE/30HAp composite corresponded to the functional groups of HDPE (C-CH3) and –CH2 and HAp (PO4−3 and O-H). The FTIR spectrum for the silane-treated composite showed that the C=O and silanol groups were eliminated, which strongly confirms the chemical interaction between the HAp fillers and the HDPE matrix. The developed composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical performance, and in particular the treated HDPE/30HAp-S composite exhibited superior tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus of 28.26 MPa, 1272 MPa and 796 MPa, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the developed composites were non-toxic and have great potential to be used for biomedical application

Physical and mechanical properties of tilapia scale hydroxyapatite-filled high-density polyethylene composites

The effects of filler loading and silane coupling agent on the properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been studied. The (HAp) powder was successfully produced from tilapia scales using the spray drying process utilized to prepare the HDPE/HAp composites. The FTIR peaks for the untreated HDPE/30HAp composite corresponded to the functional groups of HDPE (C-CH3) and –CH2 and HAp (PO4−3 and O-H). The FTIR spectrum for the silane-treated composite showed that the C=O and silanol groups were eliminated, which strongly confirms the chemical interaction between the HAp fillers and the HDPE matrix. The developed composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical performance, and in particular the treated HDPE/30HAp-S composite exhibited superior tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus of 28.26 MPa, 1272 MPa and 796 MPa, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the developed composites were non-toxic and have great potential to be used for biomedical application

Two green synthesis methods to prepared nanoparticles of Ag-two sizes and shapes via using extract of M. dubia leaves

The effect of the synthesis technique on the shape and size of Ag-NPs has been reported. Ag nanoparticles has been produced by using two techniques, green synthesis and microwave-assisted green synthesis methods (MSGS), respectively. The current research was included to use a stabilizer and reducing agents from natural sources to get the non-toxic and environmentally friendly product, via using Melia dubia (neem) (M. dubia) and fish scales collagen (FsCol). The nanoparticles of Ag was portrayed by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Two different absorbance peaks were noticed in UV-vis and located at 454 nm silver nanoparticles-1 (AgNPs-1) and 446 nm silver nanoparticles-2 (AgNPs-2). SEM was shown two different shapes rod (AgNPs-1) and spherical (AgNPs-2 shapes. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag as a single element at 3 KeV. FTIR was shown fictional groups that were surrounded by silver nanoparticles C2H2 C=O, N-H groups was an indication. XRD was shown thus that the AgNPs formed in this modern prepared are crystalline with two different sizes 120.20 and 84.30 nm, corresponding to AgNPs-1 and AgNPs-2. The Z-average in DLS for AgNPs-1 has been shown average size at 437.8 nm while AgNPs-2 was shown 121 nm in its size

Phytochemical screening and characterization of Meliadubia leaves extract for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli staphylococcus and aureus

In this study, the leaves of Meliadubia were extracted through the hot-extraction method using distilled water as a solvent. The crude extract of M. dubia was evaluated for their chemical group compounds using phytochemical screening for the chemical group compounds. Meanwhile, Gas chromatography (GC), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to conform to the fictional groups in the leave of M. dubia. Phytochemical screening analysis was done using common procedures and had shown the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, and flavonoids. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the GC-Mass spectrometry. The highest compounds were Pyridine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl (17.03%), 1-azabicyclo (3.1.0) hexane (12.16%), and 2-Undecanol (7.63%), while the lowest compounds were Heptafluorobutyric acid, n-tetradecyl ester (0.79%) and 4-Methyl-3-pentenal (0.79%). The EDX analysis presented two elements, which were carbon (53%) and oxygen (46%). The M. dubia band at 1668 cm−1 refers to the amide I C=O stretching, and the peak at 2140 cm−1 is associated to the alkyne group that exists in the phyto-constituents of M. dubia extract. Meanwhile, the peak that was monitored at 3301 cm−1 corresponds to the amide A (N-H). The observed peaks are mainly discovered as flavanoids and terpenoids that exist significantly in the plant extract. The antibacterial activities investigated against gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli E.coli) and gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results had presented the factional activity for M. dubia against both pathogens

Mechanical and physical properties of micro alumina reinforced direct recycled AA6061 chips based matrix by hot extrusion process

Direct hot extrusion is an alternative process for recycling aluminium without melting the scrap. It utilizes low energy and is environmental friendly. This study shows the effects of preheating temperature (PHT), preheating time (PHti) and addition of volume fraction (VF) of micro alumina on the microhardness (MH), density and microstructure of the extruded profiles. Three values of PHT (450, 500, 550 °C), PHti (1, 2, 3 hours) and VF (5, 10, 15 %) were considered respectively. The full factorial design with center point analysis was used to demonstrate the effect of process variables on responses. A total of 19 experimental runs were performed through the hot extrusion process. The results show that the preheating temperature is the most important factor to be controlled in order to obtain the optimum MH and density, while preheating time and volume fraction trailed behind the former. It can be concluded that microhardness increases with the increase in PHT and decrease in PHti and VF. On the contrary, an increase in density was observed with a decrease in PHT, PHti and VF apiece. The impact of hot extrusion parameters on the average grain sizes and microstructural analysis of the recycled samples were equally investigated and discussed