Metallic Cylinder Reflected Power Measurement For 93.1GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar Calibration

A metallic cylinder is one of the best materials and shapes to calibrate a radar system performance. The measurement of a 4cm diameter and 3cm-height metallic cylinder as a target has been presented for the analysis at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum. This experiment was conducted in a real airport environment at Kuala Lumpur International Airport considering clear sky conditions. The measurement was carried out at 93.1 GHz which uses Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar to consistently detect the target. The radar cross-section (RCS) of the metallic cylinder is measured with respect to the angle of runway pavement. It is found that the measurements exhibited smaller RCS value with an average of –43.47 dBsm at a longer range compared to –30.16 dBsm at a shorter range with a total change of 13.31 dBsm. The reflectivity characteristics of the radar target, theoretical measurement of the metallic cylinder, its incident angle from the radar target, and measurement evaluation are presented in this paper

Metallic Cylinder Reflected Power Measurement For 93.1GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar Calibration

A metallic cylinder is one of the best materials and shapes to calibrate a radar system performance. The measurement of a 4cm diameter and 3cm-height metallic cylinder as a target has been presented for the analysis at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum. This experiment was conducted in a real airport environment at Kuala Lumpur International Airport considering clear sky conditions. The measurement was carried out at 93.1 GHz which uses Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar to consistently detect the target. The radar cross-section (RCS) of the metallic cylinder is measured with respect to the angle of runway pavement. It is found that the measurements exhibited smaller RCS value with an average of –43.47 dBsm at a longer range compared to –30.16 dBsm at a shorter range with a total change of 13.31 dBsm. The reflectivity characteristics of the radar target, theoretical measurement of the metallic cylinder, its incident angle from the radar target, and measurement evaluation are presented in this paper

Epidemiological analysis of typhoid fever in Kelantan from a retrieved registry

Aim: Despite the endemicity of typhoid in Kelantan, epidemiological data showing typhoid association to age, sex,ethnicity and district of patients is limited. This retrospective study investigated the statistical association of thesevariables from a retrieved registry.Methodology and results: Cross-tabulation using SPSS was used to analyze 1394 cases of confirmed typhoid patientsadmitted to various hospitals in Kelantan state over a six-year period. Fourteen age groups with a five-year rangeinterval were generated. There was a significant association between typhoid infection and sex of subjects, wherebyfemales were generally more susceptible than males. Ethnicity and district of typhoid patients did not show significantassociation.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The observation of an increased number of typhoid cases with a malepredominance in the age group 5-14 and female predominance in the 20-60 age group calls for improved hygiene,continued public health education, together with better laboratory diagnostics to identify carriers, are some measures tocontrol this disease

Reconfigurable Plasma Antenna Array by Using Fluorescent Tube for Wi-Fi Application

This paper presents a new design of reconfigurable plasma antenna array using commercial fluorescent tube. A round shape reconfigurable plasma antenna array is proposed to collimate beam radiated by an omnidirectional antenna (monopole antenna) operates at 2.4GHz in particular direction. The antenna design is consisted of monopole antenna located at the center of circular aluminum ground. The monopole antenna is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of conducting plasma. The plasma shield consists of 12 commercial fluorescent tubes aligned in series containing a mixture of Argon gas and mercury vapor which upon electrification forms plasma columns. The plasma behaves as a conductor and acts as a reflector in radiation, in the condition where plasma frequency,ωp is higher than operating frequency. From this concepts, when all plasma elements are activated or switched to ON, the radiation signal from monopole antenna will trapped inside the plasma blanket and meanwhile when one or more plasma elements is deactivated (switched OFF), the radiation from monopole antenna will escape. This antenna has the capability to change its patterns with beam direction at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 300° and 330° at frequency 2.4 GHz. The proposed antenna has been successfully fabricated and measured with conclusive results