Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells.

<p>Naïve mice that were transferred with different cells, were subsequently sensitized with CMP and CT, and finally challenged with CMP_ig (n = 5/group). <b>A</b>, Transfer of <i>in vitro</i>-differentiated Treg. Sorted naïve CD4⁺CD25^- spleen cells were stimulated with a-CD3/a-CD28, IL-2 and TGF-β for 5 days. CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells gated on CD4⁺ lymphocytes were quantified (histogram) by flow cytometry and transferred to naïve receptor mice. <b>B,</b> Skin test, symptoms scored following the oral challenge and serum CMP-specific IgE in receptor mice. a) Control mice: naïve mice only received PBS_iv; b) Control mice: naïve mice received PBS_iv and were sensitized; c) naïve mice received differentiated-Treg and were sensitized. <b>C,</b><i>In vivo</i>-induced Treg in mice that were orally given daily dose of CMP and then sensitized (CMP_prev). As control, donor mice received daily dose of PBS_ig and then were sensitized (PBS_prev). MLN cells were isolated from donor mice and FoxP3⁺ cells (gated from CD4⁺CD25⁺ lymphocytes) were evaluated and quantified by flow cytometry. <b>D</b>, CD25 depletion was performed on MLN cells and evaluated by flow cytometry. Depleted and not depleted cells were adoptively transferred to receptor mice, which were then sensitized. <b>E</b>, Skin test, symptoms scored following the oral challenge and serum CMP-specific IgE in receptor animals. a) Control mice: naïve recipient mice received PBS_iv and then were sensitized; b) Control mice: receptor mice that received MLN cells depleted with a-CD25 isolated from donor PBS_prev animals and then were sensitized; c) Receptor mice that received MLN cells depleted with a-CD25 isolated from donor CMP_prev animals and then were sensitized; d) Receptor mice that received MLN cells from PBS_prev animals treated with isotype control antibody and then were sensitized; e) Receptor mice that received MLN cells from CMP_prev animals treated with isotype control antibody and then were sensitized. Results are representative of two independent experiments with similar results. Two-way ANOVA was used because all the data had normal distribution and equal variances <i>***P</i><0.001, <i>**P</i><0.01, <i>*P</i><0.05.</p

Measurement of the branching ratios b →e ν X, μ ν X, τ ν X and ν X

The inclusive semileptonic branching ratios b→eνX,μ νX,τ νX andνX have been measured at LEP with the L3 detector. The analysis is based on 2-jet hadronic Z decays obtained in the data collected between 1991 and 1992. Three separate event samples are analysed, containing electrons, muons and large missing energy (neutrinos), respectively. From the electron sample, we measure Br(b→eνX)=(10.89±0.20±0.51)% and, from the muon sample, Br(b→μ νX)=(10.82±0.15±0.59)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. From the missing energy sample, we measure Br(b→νX)=(23.08±0.77±1.24)%, assuming the relative semileptonic decay rates e:μ:τ=1:1:(0.25±0.05), according to theoretical expectations. From a combined analysis of all three samples and constraining the relative semileptonic rates, we measure Br(b→eνX)=Br(b→μ νX)=(10.68±0.11±0.46)%. Alternatively, we can remove the constraint on the relative semileptonic rates and measure Br(b→τ νX)=(1.7±0.5±1.1)%