Binaural interaction in the superior olivary complex of the cat: an analysis of field potentials evoked by binaural-beat stimuli.

THE ACCESSORY, or medial nucleus of the superior olivary complex is the first nucleus in the classical ascending auditory pathway that receives bilateral input. Both the anatomical structure and electrophysiological responses of the accessory nucleus suggest that it is a locus of binaural signal processing. The cells of the accessory nucleus have been shown to be responsive to interaural time and intensity disparities of binaurally presented clicks (5, 6) and to the interaural phase relations of binaurally presented tones (11). The field potentials of the accessory nucleus evoked by click and pure-tone stimuli have been correlated with the anatomical distribution of synaptic input from the two ears (3, 5, 17). Evidence of binaural interaction in the slowwave responses of the superior olivary complex to binaurally presented clicks was found by Rosenzweig and Amon (13). In the present study the field potentials of the superior olivary complex evoked by binaurally presented pure tones were analyzed to define further the mechanisms of binaural interaction

Binaural interaction in the superior olivary complex of the cat: an analysis of field potentials evoked by binaural-beat stimuli.

THE ACCESSORY, or medial nucleus of the superior olivary complex is the first nucleus in the classical ascending auditory pathway that receives bilateral input. Both the anatomical structure and electrophysiological responses of the accessory nucleus suggest that it is a locus of binaural signal processing. The cells of the accessory nucleus have been shown to be responsive to interaural time and intensity disparities of binaurally presented clicks (5, 6) and to the interaural phase relations of binaurally presented tones (11). The field potentials of the accessory nucleus evoked by click and pure-tone stimuli have been correlated with the anatomical distribution of synaptic input from the two ears (3, 5, 17). Evidence of binaural interaction in the slowwave responses of the superior olivary complex to binaurally presented clicks was found by Rosenzweig and Amon (13). In the present study the field potentials of the superior olivary complex evoked by binaurally presented pure tones were analyzed to define further the mechanisms of binaural interaction

Olivocohlear bundle stimulation: effect on spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in cat cochlear nucleus.

THE OLIVOCOCHLEAR BUNDLE (OCB) is known to modify afferent auditory input at the cochlea. Electrical stimulation of the bundle in the floor of the IVth ventricle causes a suppression of neural response to clicks recorded at the cochlea (lo), and a paradoxical enhancement of microphonics (8). Fex (8) and, more recently, Wiederhold (23) have shown that both spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in the VIIIth nerve are similarly suppressed during such OCB stim- / J while the carotid arteries were ligated, a trephine ulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of OCB stimulation on spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in cochlear nucleus, the first central auditory station receiving cochlear input. Rasmussen’s finding that OCB collaterals terminate in cochlear nucleus (1 S), raises the possibility that this efferent system may have a central regulatory role as well. Our results indicate that OCB stimulation can modify cochlear nucleus units in a variety of ways. Al though suppression of spontaneous activity was frequently observed, there were many units in which OCB stimulation affected an increase in spontaneous discharge rates. Furthermore, the effects of OCB stimulation on tone-evoked responses were found to vary with tone intensity in complex ways

Olivocohlear bundle stimulation: effect on spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in cat cochlear nucleus.

THE OLIVOCOCHLEAR BUNDLE (OCB) is known to modify afferent auditory input at the cochlea. Electrical stimulation of the bundle in the floor of the IVth ventricle causes a suppression of neural response to clicks recorded at the cochlea (lo), and a paradoxical enhancement of microphonics (8). Fex (8) and, more recently, Wiederhold (23) have shown that both spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in the VIIIth nerve are similarly suppressed during such OCB stim- / J while the carotid arteries were ligated, a trephine ulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of OCB stimulation on spontaneous and tone-evoked activities of single units in cochlear nucleus, the first central auditory station receiving cochlear input. Rasmussen’s finding that OCB collaterals terminate in cochlear nucleus (1 S), raises the possibility that this efferent system may have a central regulatory role as well. Our results indicate that OCB stimulation can modify cochlear nucleus units in a variety of ways. Al though suppression of spontaneous activity was frequently observed, there were many units in which OCB stimulation affected an increase in spontaneous discharge rates. Furthermore, the effects of OCB stimulation on tone-evoked responses were found to vary with tone intensity in complex ways

A method to support the adoption of reuse technology in large software organizations

The process of adopting a software technology in a large organization is significantly influenced by organizational culture and behavioral aspects of the practitioners involved in the process. The adoption of software reuse technology in particular significantly alters the software process of the organization as well as the modus operandi of the practitioners involved. The identification of factors that will facilitate or hinder this process is strongly correlated with the existing system of beliefs and represents a key element to the planning of this process. Our aim is to propose an action model based on classes of beliefs that will support the process of adoption of software reuse technology. An industrial case study was conducted in a large organization to validate and refine the proposed method. As a result, we propose a method based on the identification of classes of beliefs and re-signification of those that hinders the adoption of software reuse technologies