Engagement and Graduation resources as markers of translator/interpreter positioning

This article examines the application of appraisal theory (Martin and White 2005) to the analysis of translation. It develops the findings in Munday (2012), which focused on attitudinal meanings, and explores the potential for the use of engagement resources and graduation as a means of determining translator/interpreter positioning. Using a range of examples from texts of international organizations, it discusses the translation of reporting verbs and intensification as a signal of the translator’s/interpreter’s degree of ‘investment’ in a proposition and control over the text receiver’s response. This is framed within the concept of ‘discourse space theory’ (Chilton 2004) to provide a reference for future work in this field

Development of a Nomogram to Predict the Outcome for Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are common cutaneous or subcutaneous neoplasms in dogs. Most STSs are initially treated by surgical excision, and local recurrence may develop in almost 20% of patients. Currently, it is difficult to predict which STS will recur after excision, but this ability would greatly assist patient management. In recent years, the nomogram has emerged as a tool to allow oncologists to predict an outcome from a combination of risk factors. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for canine STSs and determine if the nomogram could predict patient outcomes better than individual tumour characteristics. The current study provides the first evidence in veterinary oncology to support a role for the nomogram to assist with predicting the outcome for patients after surgery for STSs. The nomogram developed in this study accurately predicted tumour-free survival in 25 patients but failed to predict recurrence in 1 patient. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for the nomogram were 96%, 45%, 45%, and 96%, respectively (area under the curve: AUC = 0.84). This study suggests a nomogram could play an important role in helping to identify patients who could benefit from revision surgery or adjuvant therapy for an STS.fals

Amplification of Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA from an ovine cutaneous fibropapilloma.

Seven of 60 Perendale sheep within a flock developed single or multiple exophytic masses on their distal hind limbs. A mass was excised from one sheep and histological evaluation revealed epidermal and mesenchymal proliferation, papillomavirus-induced keratinocyte changes and marked keratohyalin clumping. Ovis aries papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences were amplified using PCR.fals

Immunostaining for VEGF and Decorin Predicts Poor Survival and Recurrence in Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether using immunohistochemistry to detect the angiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decorin can help predict the risk of local recurrence of, or death from, canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS). VEGF and decorin were detected using validated immunohistochemical methods on 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine STS. The tumours had been resected previously, with clinical outcome determined by questionnaire. Each slide was assessed by light microscopy and the pattern of immunostaining with VEGF and decorin determined. Patterns of immunostaining were then analysed to detect associations with outcome measures of local recurrence and tumour-related death. High VEGF immunostaining was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with both increased local recurrence and reduced survival time. The distribution of decorin immunostaining within the tumour was significantly associated with survival time (p = 0.04) and local tumour recurrence (p = 0.02). When VEGF and decorin scores were combined, STS with both high VEGF and low decorin immunostaining were more likely to recur or cause patient death (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that immunostaining of VEGF and decorin may help predict the risk of local recurrence of canine STS.fals

Jon Silkin as Anthologist, Editor, and Translator

This article draws on the papers of Jon Silkin (1930–1997) held in the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, to analyse Silkin's crucial yet neglected role as a commissioner, editor, and translator of modern poetry. Particular attention is given to his work on anthologies of modern Hebrew and Japanese poetry, which remained uncompleted on his death. Silkin closely collaborated with a range of local poets and translators, relying on them as expert informants for the selection of texts and to provide him with literals. This article discusses the complex powerplays that result when the various actors clash over their expectations of such anthologies

Detection of a novel papillomaviral sequence in viral plaques confined to the pinna of a dog.

A raised plaque that contained histological evidence of papillomavirus infection and sequences from a novel papillomavirus type developed close to the ear canal of a 14-year-old West Highland white terrier. The plaque was excised, and further plaques developed within the same area of pinna.fals

Sarcoid within the oral cavity of a horse.

Equine sarcoids are common skin tumors that are thought to be caused by cross-species infection by bovine papillomaviruses (BPV). A 16-year-old horse developed a 1cm diameter mandibular gingival mass opposite the right second premolar tooth (406) and a 2cm diameter mass close to the commissure of the lips on the same side of the mouth. The right cheek was diffusely thickened. Histology of the smaller mass revealed a proliferation of mesenchymal cells covered by hyperplastic epithelium that formed thick rete pegs. BPV2 DNA was amplified from the mass. Although the mass had been incompletely excised, there was no recurrence after 5 months. The histological features and detection of BPV2 DNA is consistent with a diagnosis of equine sarcoid. Sarcoids have not previously been reported in the oral cavity of horses. It is hypothesized that trauma to the mouth may have been important for sarcoid development. Additionally, different BPV types may have variable ability to infect the gingiva. While rare, sarcoids are a differential for an oral mass in a horse.fals

Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus on the digit of a cat.

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS: Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16CDKN2A protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel Taupapillomavirus type was amplified from the neoplasm. DIAGNOSIS: Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.fals

Detection of a Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Feline Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma

A 4 cm diameter exophytic mass was excised from the left flank of a 10-year-old domestic short-haired cat. Histology of the superficial aspects of the mass revealed epidermal cells arranged in nests and trabeculae while the deeper parts of the mass consisted of small round cells arranged in sheets or bundles of elongate spindle-shaped cells. A diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was made. Approximately 40% of the cells throughout the neoplasm contained prominent papillomaviral (PV)-induced cell changes. The BCC recurred three months after excision and grew rapidly. At this time a smaller mass was observed on the thorax. Due to the rapid recurrence of the BCC, the cat was euthanatized. As in the initial mass, histology of the recurrent mass revealed pleomorphic cells that often contained PV-induced cell changes. In contrast, the thoracic mass appeared as a more typical BCC and contained no histological evidence of PV infection. A novel PV DNA sequence was amplified from the flank BCC. While the sequence was most (75.1%) similar to Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) 6, the level of similarity between the sequences is consistent with a novel PV type. No PV DNA was amplifiable from the thoracic mass. The case is unique due to the histological features of the BCC and the presence of a putative novel PV type. Observations from the present case add to the number of PV types associated with disease in cats as well as increasing the spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species.fals