Effects of increasing zinc oxide on starter pig growth performance

Four hundred and twenty pigs (initially 9.8 lb and 13 d of age) were used to evaluate the effects of increasing zinc oxide in starter diets. Results that suggest 3,000 ppm and 2,000 ppm zinc, from zinc oxide, improve growth performance in phase I and II diets, respectively.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

Effects of lactose sources on nursery pig growth performance

A study was conducted to evaluate different sources of pure lactose as a substitute for spray-dried, edible-grade whey in starter diets. Results suggest that pure lactose can replace the lactose provided by dried whey in phase I starter diets. However, numerical differences in growth performance occurred among the lactose sources used.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

The effects of supplementing growing-finishing pig diets with carnitine and(or) chromium on growth and carcass characteristics

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 83 lb) were used to examine the effects of 50 ppm carnitine and(or) 200 ppb chromium from chromium nicotinate on growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding carnitine and(or) chromiunm to the diets of high-lean growth finishing gilts did not increase carcass leanness. However, the combination of carnitine and chromium improved the color characteristics of the longissimus muscle.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

The effects of supplementing growing-finishing pig diets with carnitine and(or) chromium on growth and carcass characteristics

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 83 lb)were used to examine the effects of 50 ppm carnitine and(or) 200 ppb chromium from chromium nicotinate on growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding carnitine and(or) chromiun1 to the diets of high-lean growth finishing gilts did not increase carcass leanness. However, the combination of carnitine and chromium improved the color characteristics of the longissimus muscle.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 199

Combinations of select menhaden fish meal and spray-dried plasma protein in the transition diet (11 to 15 lb) for the early-weaned pig

Early-weaned pigs (weaned at 7 to 14 d of age) that are managed in a conventional, one-site production system require a more complex diet in the transition phase (11 to 15 lb) than early-weaned pigs that are managed in a segregated early weaning (SEW), multiple-site, production system.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

The effects of substituting spray-dried whole egg from egg grading plants for spray-dried plasma protein in phase I diets

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing spray-dried plasma protein with spray-dried whole egg from egg grading plants on starter pig performance. Up to 50% (3.5% of the diet) of spray-dried plasma protein can be replaced with spraydried whole egg (6% of the diet) without influencing performance of starter pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

The effects of dietary mineral regimen on starter pig growth performance and blood and immune parameters

Two hundred sixty-six weanling pigs (initially 12.461b and 21 d of age) were used in a 34-\u3c1 growth assay to evaluate the effects of various mineral supplementation regimens on starter pig growth, immune status, blood parameters, and liver mineral status.. Pigs were fed either a control diet, 3,000 ppm zinc (Zn) in phase I and 2,000 ppm Zn in phase II and III, 250 ppm copper during the entire trial, or a combination of these three diets. These results support our current recommendations of adding zinc oxide in diets of pigs weighing up to 25 lb and copper sulfate in diets fed to pigs from 25 to 50 lb.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

Interactions among lactose, spray-dried animal plasma, and soybean meal levels may affect segregated early-weaned pigs

Pigs weaned in a segregated early weaning (SEW) environment achieved maximum performance when fed a sequence of diets containing a gradual decrease in spray-dried animal plasma. Furthermore, pigs weaned at approximately 19 days responded positively to 20% soybean meal. Increased levels of lactose enhanced the increases in performance from soybean meal.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199

Akt1 Is Essential for Postnatal Mammary Gland Development, Function, and the Expression of Btn1a1

Akt1, a serine-threonine protein kinase member of the PKB/Akt gene family, plays critical roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, and has previously been implicated in lactation and breast cancer development. In this study, we utilized Akt1+/+ and Akt1−/− C57/Bl6 female mice to assess the role that Akt1 plays in normal mammary gland postnatal development and function. We examined postnatal morphology at multiple time points, and analyzed gene and protein expression changes that persist into adulthood. Akt1 deficiency resulted in several mammary gland developmental defects, including ductal outgrowth and defective terminal end bud formation. Adult Akt1−/− mammary gland composition remained altered, exhibiting fewer alveolar buds coupled with increased epithelial cell apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that Akt1 deficiency altered expression of genes involved in numerous biological processes in the mammary gland, including organismal development, cell death, and tissue morphology. Of particular importance, a significant decrease in expression of Btn1a1, a gene involved in milk lipid secretion, was observed in Akt1−/− mammary glands. Additionally, pseudopregnant Akt1−/− females failed to induce Btn1a1 expression in response to hormonal stimulation compared to their wild-type counterparts. Retroviral-mediated shRNA knockdown of Akt1 and Btn1a1 in MCF-7 human breast epithelial further illustrated the importance of Akt1 in mammary epithelial cell proliferation, as well as in the regulation of Btn1a1 and subsequent expression of ß-casein, a gene that encodes for milk protein. Overall these findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of Akt1 in mammary morphogenesis and function

The effects of substituting spray-dried whole egg from egg grading plants for spray-dried plasma protein in phase I diets

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing spray-dried plasma protein with spray-dried whole egg from egg grading plants on starter pig performance. Up to 50% (3.5% of the diet) of spray-dried plasma protein can be replaced with spraydried whole egg (6% of the diet) without influencing performance of starter pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 199