Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes

Contemporary cities have high stress levels, mental health issues, high crime levels and ill health, while the built environment shows increasing problems with urban heat island effects and air and water pollution. Emerging from these concerns is a new set of design principles and practices where nature needs to play a bigger part called “biophilic architecture”. This design approach asserts that humans have an innate connection with nature that can assist to make buildings and cities more effective human abodes. This paper examines the evidence for this innate human psychological and physiological link to nature and then assesses the emerging research supporting the multiple social, environmental and economic benefits of biophilic architecture

The center of reference on aids in the city of Santos - Craids : a ten years epidemiological outline and analysis

RESUMO - O quadro epidemiológico da AIDS tem se modificado ao longo desses quase vinte anos da epidemia no Brasil. Através de uma análise retrospectiva dos questionários de admissão foi avaliado o perfil do Centro de Referência em AIDS da cidade de Santos (CRAIDS). Foram analisados 3500 prontuários do CRAIDS e a amostra selecionada correspondeu a todos os pacientes vivos e procedentes de Santos, totalizando 1858 fichas. As variáveis pareadas foram sexo, ano de nascimento, opção sexual, práticas sexuais, escolaridade, profissão, estado civil, número de parceiros, uso de drogas, história pregressa de DST, uso de preservativos e execução de exames subsidiários para sífilis. A faixa etária mais encontrada foi entre 20 e 49 anos, tendo uma relação encontrada de 3 homens para 2 mulheres. A maior parte dos pacientes apresentou apenas o 1.o grau (1030). Dentre os solteiros, 59% dos homens apresentaram múltiplos parceiros; já entre as mulheres, o valor correspondeu a 55%. Dentre as mulheres, 91,3% eram heterossexuais, enquanto nos homens, esse valor caiu para 56%. Na amostra, cerca de 80% da população não usou preservativo até a admissão no serviço, independente do grau de escolaridade, opção sexual e número de parceiros. Nos pacientes que apresentaram múltiplos parceiros, a frequência de DST prévia foi 28,5%. Na análise, 65% dos pacientes realizaram o VDRL, índice não satisfatório dentro do protocolo de abordagem sindrômica do Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS de Santos. Através deste estudo transversal de dez anos do CRAIDS demonstramos que a cidade de Santos se encaixou no perfil epidemiológico brasileiro no que diz respeito à epidemia pelo HIV. Apontamos falhas em alguns setores do serviço do Centro de Referência, mostrando necessidade de os profissionais de saúde se atualizarem por meio de estatísticas a fim de procurarem superar tais deficiências do sistema.ABSTRACT - The epidemiological situation of AIDS has been modified in the last twenty years of epidemic in Brazil. By analyzing the admission questionnaires of the Center of Reference on AIDS in the city of Santos (CRAIDS), we analyzed 3500 files at CRAIDS, and the selected sample corresponds to all patients who are still alive in Santos, in a total number of 1858 forms. The criteria used in this study was the sex, date of birth, sexual preference, ways of doing sex, level of schooling, profession, marital status, number of partners, drug addiction, previous sexually transmitted diseases, usage of Condon and syphilis blood exam, the age range in which HIV was found (between 20 and 49 year olds), in a proposition of 3 men to 2 women. Most of the patients education is primary school (1030). Among single men, 49% had many sexual partners. This number dropped to 55% among women. Among women, 91.3% were heterosexual, while among men, the figure dropped to 56%. In our study, we realized that 80% of population do not use Condon, regardless of their level of schooling, sexual preference and number of sexual partners. The previous frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) was 28.5% among the patients who said they had many partners. From all patients analyzed in our study, 65% of them did the VDRL exam, which does not correspond to a satisfactory percentage in the protocol of syndromic, which approaches of the STD/AIDS of Santos city program. Through this transversal study of ten years of CRAIDS, we showed that Santos city fits in the epidemiological Brazilian profile of HIV epidemic. We noticed that some areas of CRAIDS have the need of updating their health professionals by means of statistics, in order to overcome the failure of the system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio