Preventing Hepatitis B-induced Liver Cancer: Implications for Eliminating Health Disparities

If the definition of eliminating of a health disparity were signified by the absence of any differences in incidence or mortality between a population’s experiences with a health problem, then the only health disparity that has ever been eliminated is smallpox because with zero cases of smallpox in the world, no health disparities exist because of smallpox. The eradication of smallpox is perhaps the only historical example where the elimination of a health disparity has been achieved. Principles and lessons learned, particularly through the intersection of science and policy that could be applied to the elimination of other health disparities both domestically and internationally are proposed

CHAMPERTY AND MAINTENANCE - VALIDITY OF CONTINGENT FEE - CONTRACTS BY LAYMEN TO PROSECUTE AND COLLECT CLAIMS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

It has often been said by the American courts in recent years that the doctrine of champerty, due to changes in the law of assignment of choses in action and other changes of conditions from those prevailing in England at the time of the origin of the doctrine, is no longer applicable in all its stringency. That conditions have changed cannot be denied; however, neither can it be denied that champerty is a very live doctrine today. The real basis for the doctrine of champerty is that certain contracts are contrary to public policy. When we realize this, we see that our ideas of public policy may change, and undoubtedly have changed, yet this change does not mean the end of the doctrine of champerty, but merely that the qualifications for its application have changed. The courts which say that the doctrine of champerty no longer applies because of changed conditions are thereby showing their misunderstanding of the true basis of the doctrine

Missed Moments: Kodak’s Failure to Define the Consumer Market for Digital Photography

The focus of this thesis is to provide an expanded interpretation of the decline of the Eastman Kodak Company. Kodak is a company synonymous with cameras, pictures, and photography. The American photographic giant created a vast empire that was able to dominate the industry for the better part of the Twentieth Century. Yet, it missed the opportunity to develop its digital camera technology. This makes Kodak an interesting study in business decision making in the face of advancing disruptive technology. In a historical context, there is a lack of work that deeply inspects the fall of the Kodak company in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. The small amount of work available focuses on a narrow explanation for the decline of the company. A closer look reveals a more nuanced story that includes institutional restrictions coupled with a changing consumer electronics culture and business model. In this thesis, Kodak’s lack of desire to create a consumer market for digital photography is presented as a major misstep in the history of the company. It is not the aim of this work to exonerate or remove blame from the Kodak company for their actions. This thesis, drawing from primary documents found in the Eastman Kodak archives housed at The University of Rochester, aims to bring new ideas and explanations to the conversation. The argument presented should serve as an expansion of currently available interpretations which place singular blame on Kodak’s reliance on film profits for their downfall

Constitutional Law - Exclusionary Rule of Mapp v. Ohio Held Not to Operate Retroactively Upon Cases Finally Decided Prior to Mapp. Linkletter v. Walker (U.S. .1965)

This recent case discusses Linkletter v. Walker (U.S.1965

JUDGMENTS - FEDERAL DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS ACT

Underlying the declaratory judgment is the idea that in an organized and civilized society where law and order are thoroughly recognized and established, coercion is normally unnecessary to settle legal disputes between parties. The belief is that in many lawsuits the plaintiff is not seeking a means of coercing the defendant but that the plaintiff and the defendant merely want a final and conclusive decision of a disputed question on which their legal relations depend. The value of the declaratory judgment lies in that it may be used to settle this dispute, in many cases before any other form of legal relief is available/ and without the use of harsh and hated coercive judgments and decrees

ATTORNEY AND CLIENT - UNLAWFUL PRACTICE BEFORE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION IN WORKMEN\u27S COMPENSATION PROCEEDINGS

In forty-four states of the Union and in Alaska, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippine Islands there are workmen\u27s compensation acts. A great majority of these acts provide for a board or commission to settle all disputes as to compensation. Practice before these boards and commissions has become a large share of the business of many lawyers and of many law firms. To them, in particular, and to the legal profession, in general, the question raised in the recent case of Goodman v. Beall is of considerable interest. In this case, suit was brought by a committee of the Ohio Bar Association seeking to restrain defendants, members of the Industrial Commission of Ohio, from permitting laymen or corporations to appear before the commission in a representative capacity in workmen\u27s compensation hearings. The plaintiffs contended that such appearances, in a representative capacity, of persons not regularly admitted to the bar was the unlawful practice of law. The court held that assisting workmen and arguing for them in submitting their claims to compensation was not the practice of law. However, the court said that if the commission refused to allow the workman\u27s claim to compensation, then any application for rehearing or further proceedings as provided by statute was the practice of law and required the services of an attorney. The court pointed out that the statute provided for relaxed rules of evidence and procedure and for simple hearings which were best calculated to speedily ascertain the merits of the workman\u27s claim. This indicated to the court that no services requiring skill and legal knowledge were necessary at an original hearing, and that most of the work was in filling out and filing forms furnished by the commission. On the other hand, when a rehearing was applied for and granted, different rules of evidence and procedure were provided for, and the rehearing record was the only thing on which the workman could base his appeal to the courts. So the court felt that this record must be prepared by an attorney because he was best fitted by his training and knowledge. This decision indicates that a general discussion of representation of workmen by laymen must be based on the various statutes

Dislocation Velocity in Single and Polycrystalline Silicon Iron

The stress dependence of screw dislocation velocity single and polycrystalline specimens of an iron-3.14% silicon alloy was measured by observation of slip band growth. An electrolytic etching technique was used to reveal dislocation intersections with the specimen surface, and slip bands were observed to form from fresh scratches and from grain boundaries as a result of pulse loading. Screw dislocation velocity on the {110} 〈111〉system in single crystals at room temperature followed the relation ν = (τ/τ_0)^n where n = 30.1. A plot of screw dislocation velocity vs. nominal resolved shear stress in individual grains of polycrystalline specimens shows considerable scatter which is attributed to the effects of stress variations due to elastic anisotropy. Observation of slip band growth in scratched and unscratched grains indicates that the stress required to activate grain boundary sources is greater than the stress required to propagate fresh dislocations

The initiation of yielding in silicon-iron

An experimental program was conducted in which the etch pit technique was used for the direct observation of dislocation configurations at various stages of yielding. Poly-crystalline tensile specimens of 3 per cent silicon-iron were loaded in tension at constant strain rate and by load pulses. A new model of the delay-time for yielding at constant applied stress is presented. Three assumptions used are (a) no dislocation motion occurs below a critical resolved shear stress, (b) the yielding rate is dependent upon the velocity of mobile dislocations, and (c) the end of the delay period occurs when yielding of the grains has spread continuously through the thickness of the specimen. This model is consistent with the experimental observations and explains the true static upper yield point and the shape of the strain vs. time curve at constant applied stress. The model also yields reasonable values for the stress concentration factor on grains in the critical cross-section that are least favorably oriented for slip

Dislocation velocity in single and polycrystalline silicon-iron

The stress dependence of screw-dislocation velocity in single and polycrystalline specimens of an iron-3.14% silicon alloy was measured by observation of slip-band growth. An electrolytic etching technique was used to reveal dislocation intersections with the specimen surface, and slip bands were observed to form from fresh scratches and from grain boundaries as a result of pulse loading. Screw dislocation velocity on the {110} 111 system in single crystals at room temperature followed the relation ΰ = (τ/τ0)n, where n = 30.1. A plot of screw-dislocation velocity vs nominal resolved shear stress in individual grains of polycrystalline specimens shows considerable scatter which is attributed to the effects of stress variations due to elastic anisotropy. Observation of slip-band growth in scatched and unscratched grains indicates that the stress required to activate grain boundary sources is greater than the stress required to propagate fresh dislocations