57 research outputs found
Closing in on Asymmetric Dark Matter I: Model independent limits for interactions with quarks
It is argued that experimental constraints on theories of asymmetric dark
matter (ADM) almost certainly require that the DM be part of a richer hidden
sector of interacting states of comparable mass or lighter. A general requisite
of models of ADM is that the vast majority of the symmetric component of the DM
number density must be removed in order to explain the observed relationship
via the DM asymmetry. Demanding the efficient
annihilation of the symmetric component leads to a tension with experimental
limits if the annihilation is directly to Standard Model (SM) degrees of
freedom. A comprehensive effective operator analysis of the model independent
constraints on ADM from direct detection experiments and LHC monojet searches
is presented. Notably, the limits obtained essentially exclude models of ADM
with mass 1GeV 100GeV annihilating to SM quarks via
heavy mediator states. This motivates the study of portal interactions between
the dark and SM sectors mediated by light states. Resonances and threshold
effects involving the new light states are shown to be important for
determining the exclusion limits.Comment: 18+6 pages, 18 figures. v2: version accepted for publicatio
Cooling of Dark-Matter Admixed Neutron Stars with density-dependent Equation of State
We propose a dark-matter (DM) admixed density-dependent equation of state
where the fermionic DM interacts with the nucleons via Higgs portal. Presence
of DM can hardly influence the particle distribution inside neutron star (NS)
but can significantly affect the structure as well as equation of state (EOS)
of NS. Introduction of DM inside NS softens the equation of state. We explored
the effect of variation of DM mass and DM Fermi momentum on the NS EOS.
Moreover, DM-Higgs coupling is constrained using dark matter direct detection
experiments. Then, we studied cooling of normal NSs using APR and DD2 EOSs and
DM admixed NSs using dark-matter modified DD2 with varying DM mass and Fermi
momentum. We have done our analysis by considering different NS masses. Also DM
mass and DM Fermi momentum are varied for fixed NS mass and DM-Higgs coupling.
We calculated the variations of luminosity and temperature of NS with time for
all EOSs considered in our work and then compared our calculations with the
observed astronomical cooling data of pulsars namely Cas A, RX J0822-43, 1E
1207-52, RX J0002+62, XMMU J17328, PSR B1706-44, Vela, PSR B2334+61, PSR
B0656+14, Geminga, PSR B1055-52 and RX J0720.4-3125. It is found that APR EOS
agrees well with the pulsar data for lighter and medium mass NSs but cooling is
very fast for heavier NS. For DM admixed DD2 EOS, it is found that for all
considered NS masses, all chosen DM masses and Fermi momenta agree well with
the observational data of PSR B0656+14, Geminga, Vela, PSR B1706-44 and PSR
B2334+61. Cooling becomes faster as compared to normal NSs in case of
increasing DM mass and Fermi momenta. It is infered from the calculations that
if low mass super cold NSs are observed in future that may support the fact
that heavier WIMP can be present inside neutron stars.Comment: 24 Pages, 15 Figures and 2 Tables. Version accepted in The European
Physical Journal
Invisible Higgs and Dark Matter
We investigate the possibility that a massive weakly interacting fermion
simultaneously provides for a dominant component of the dark matter relic
density and an invisible decay width of the Higgs boson at the LHC. As a
concrete model realizing such dynamics we consider the minimal walking
technicolor, although our results apply more generally. Taking into account the
constraints from the electroweak precision measurements and current direct
searches for dark matter particles, we find that such scenario is heavily
constrained, and large portions of the parameter space are excluded.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0912.229
Evolutionary connectionism: algorithmic principles underlying the evolution of biological organisation in evo-devo, evo-eco and evolutionary transitions
The mechanisms of variation, selection and inheritance, on which evolution by natural selection depends, are not fixed over evolutionary time. Current evolutionary biology is increasingly focussed on understanding how the evolution of developmental organisations modifies the distribution of phenotypic variation, the evolution of ecological relationships modifies the selective environment, and the evolution of reproductive relationships modifies the heritability of the evolutionary unit. The major transitions in evolution, in particular, involve radical changes in developmental, ecological and reproductive organisations that instantiate variation, selection and inheritance at a higher level of biological organisation. However, current evolutionary theory is poorly equipped to describe how these organisations change over evolutionary time and especially how that results in adaptive complexes at successive scales of organisation (the key problem is that evolution is self-referential, i.e. the products of evolution change the parameters of the evolutionary process). Here we first reinterpret the central open questions in these domains from a perspective that emphasises the common underlying themes. We then synthesise the findings from a developing body of work that is building a new theoretical approach to these questions by converting well-understood theory and results from models of cognitive learning. Specifically, connectionist models of memory and learning demonstrate how simple incremental mechanisms, adjusting the relationships between individually-simple components, can produce organisations that exhibit complex system-level behaviours and improve the adaptive capabilities of the system. We use the term “evolutionary connectionism” to recognise that, by functionally equivalent processes, natural selection acting on the relationships within and between evolutionary entities can result in organisations that produce complex system-level behaviours in evolutionary systems and modify the adaptive capabilities of natural selection over time. We review the evidence supporting the functional equivalences between the domains of learning and of evolution, and discuss the potential for this to resolve conceptual problems in our understanding of the evolution of developmental, ecological and reproductive organisations and, in particular, the major evolutionary transitions
Radiation therapy alone for growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas
We present our experience in the treatment of growth hormone
(GH)-producing pituitary adenomas using irradiation alone. Between 1983
and 1991, 21 patients suffering from GH-secreting pituitary adenomas
were treated with radiotherapy alone. Two bilateral opposing coaxial
fields were used in 10 patients and in the remaining 11 a third
frontovertex field was added. Treatment was given in 1.8-2 Gy daily
fractions and total dose ranged between 45 and 54 Gy. Treatment was
given using a cobalt unit. Four patients treated with somatostatin prior
to and 14 patients treated after the end of radiotherapy experienced
symptom relief for 6-28 weeks. The 5-year actuarial rate of disease
control was 72%. Five out of six failed patients;had macroadenomas.
Hypopituitarism was observed in 5/21 (24%) patients. Whereas RT alone
is effective in the treatment of microadenomas, this is not true for
large infiltrative macroadenomas
Dermatitis during radiation for vulvar carcinoma: prevention and treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor impregnated gauze
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) impregnated
gauze in preventing or healing radiation-induced dermatitis, Sixty-one
patients were irradiated for vulvar carcinoma, Thirty-seven applied
steroid cream at irradiated areas throughout radiotherapy (Group A) and
24 patients applied additionally GM-CSF impregnated gauze (40 mug/cm(2)
of skin-irradiated area, twice per day) in addition to the steroid
cream, after 20Gy of irradiation (Group B). The score of skin reactions
(P=0.008, chi(2) test) and the time interval of radiotherapy
interruption (P=0.037, Mann-Whitney U test) were statistically
significantly reduced in Group B patients, Multivariate analysis of
variance showed for this group not only a significant reduction in the
Sum of Gross Dermatitis Scoring (P<0.001, adjusted for Duration of
Dermatitis) but also a significant reduction of the healing time
(P=0.02, adjusted for Sum of Gross Dermatitis Scoring). The pain grading
was less (P=0.014, chi(2) test) and pain reduction was noticed sooner
after the application of GM-CSF impregnated gauze (P=0.0017,
Mann-Whitney U test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed
that the only significant effect on dermatitis score is due to Body Mass
Index (P=0.034) and the application of GM-CSF (P=0.008), GM-CSF
impregnated gauze can be effective in preventing and healing
radiation-induced dermatitis and in reducing the interruption intervals
of radiotherapy for vulvar carcinomas
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