9,150 research outputs found
An unambiguous and robust formulation for Wannier localization
We provide a new variational definition for the spread of an orbital under
periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) that is continuous with respect to the
gauge, consistent in the thermodynamic limit, well-suited to diffuse orbitals,
and systematically adaptable to schemes computing localized Wannier functions.
Existing definitions do not satisfy all these desiderata, partly because they
depend on an "orbital center"-an ill-defined concept under PBCs. Based on this
theoretical development, we showcase a robust and efficient (10x-70x fewer
iterations) localization scheme across a range of materials.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Rapid reduction versus abrupt quitting for smokers who want to stop soon: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Background: The standard way to stop smoking is to stop abruptly on a quit day with no prior reduction in consumption of cigarettes. Many smokers feel that reduction is natural and if reduction programmes were offered, many more might take up treatment. Few trials of reduction versus abrupt cessation have been completed. Most are small, do not use pharmacotherapy, and do not meet the standards necessary to obtain a marketing authorisation for a pharmacotherapy.\ud
Design/Methods: We will conduct a non-inferiority andomised trial of rapid reduction versus standard abrupt cessation among smokers who want to stop smoking. In the reduction arm,participants will be advised to reduce smoking consumption by half in the first week and to 25% of baseline in the second, leading up to a quit day at which participants will stop smoking completely.This will be assisted by nicotine patches and an acute form of nicotine replacement therapy. In the abrupt arm participants will use nicotine patches only, whilst smoking as normal, for two weeks prior to a quit day, at which they will also stop smoking completely. Smokers in either arm will have standard withdrawal orientated behavioural support programme with a combination of nicotine patches and acute nicotine replacement therapy post-cessation.\ud
Outcomes/Follow-up: The primary outcome of interest will be prolonged abstinence from smoking, with secondary trial outcomes of point prevalence, urges to smoke and withdrawal\ud
symptoms. Follow up will take place at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months post-quit day
Aquarius iPhone Application
The Office of the CIO at JPL has developed an iPhone application for the Aquarius/SAC-D mission. The application includes specific information about the science and purpose of the Aquarius satellite and also features daily mission news updates pulled from sources at Goddard Space Flight Center as well as Twitter. The application includes a media and data tab section. The media section displays images from the observatory, viewing construction up to the launch and also includes various videos and recorded diaries from the Aquarius Project Manager. The data tab highlights many of the factors that affect the Earth s ocean and the water cycle. The application leverages the iPhone s accelerometer to move the Aquarius Satellite over the Earth, revealing these factors. Lastly, this application features a countdown timer to the satellite s launch, which is currently counting the days since launch. This application was highly successful in promoting the Aquarius Mission and educating the public about how ocean salinity is paramount to understanding the Earth
Importance of the Doppler Effect to the Determination of the Deuteron Binding Energy
The deuteron binding energy extracted from the reaction
is reviewed with the exact relativistic formula, where
the initial kinetic energy and the Doppler effect are taken into account. We
find that the negligible initial kinetic energy of the neutron could cause a
significant uncertainty which is beyond the errors available up to now.
Therefore, we suggest an experiment which should include the detailed
informations about the initial kinetic energy and the detection angle. It could
reduce discrepancies among the recently reported values about the deuteron
binding energy and pin down the uncertainty due to the Doppler broadening of
ray.Comment: 5 page
The pseudokinase CaMKv is required for the activity-dependent maintenance of dendritic spines
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