22 research outputs found
Invasive Insects in Forest Plantations of Argentina: Ecological Patterns and Implications for Management
In the last decades, growing international trade and tourism have significantly increased the rate at which non-native species reach new ecosystems. Plantation forest systems in Argentina are especially exposed to alien insects partly because they are dominated by pines and eucalypts which have been introduced to produce timber and pulp, based, among other things, on the benefits related to the lack of native herbivores (i.e., the ?natural enemy release hypothesis?). As noted worldwide, with rising numbers of invasions by nonindigenous forest insects, strong negative economic and ecological impacts on the invaded ecosystems often come along. Notably, the most damaging non-native forest insects found in plantation forestry in Argentina are common to other areas and regions of the Southern Hemisphere, which cultivate similar tree species. By focusing on processes behind described patterns of arrival, establishment, and spread of alien forest insects in commercial forests of Argentina, we explore broad ecological patterns involved in their invasion success and how these may affect strategies of alien pest management.Fil: Corley, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Departamento de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Villacide, José María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Lantschner, María Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere
Interactions between sympatric invasive European fire ants (Myrmica rubra) and blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
Growth and wood properties of natural provenances, local seed sources and clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in southern India: implications for breeding and deployment
Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects: eco-evolutionary and management consequences
The advent of simple and affordable tools
for molecular identification of novel insect invaders
and assessment of population diversity has changed
the face of invasion biology in recent years. The
widespread application of these tools has brought with
it an emerging understanding that patterns in biogeography,
introduction history and subsequent movement
and spread of many invasive alien insects are far more
complex than previously thought. We reviewed the
literature and found that for a number of invasive
insects, there is strong and growing evidence that
multiple introductions, complex global movement,
and population admixture in the invaded range are
commonplace. Additionally, historical paradigms
related to species and strain identities and origins of
common invaders are in many cases being challenged.
This has major consequences for our understanding of
basic biology and ecology of invasive insects and
impacts quarantine, management and biocontrol programs.
In addition, we found that founder effects
rarely limit fitness in invasive insects and may benefit
populations (by purging harmful alleles or increasing
additive genetic variance). Also, while phenotypic
plasticity appears important post-establishment,
genetic diversity in invasive insects is often higher than expected and increases over time via multiple
introductions. Further, connectivity among disjunct
regions of global invasive ranges is generally far
higher than expected and is often asymmetric, with
some populations contributing disproportionately to
global spread. We argue that the role of connectivity in
driving the ecology and evolution of introduced
species with multiple invasive ranges has been historically
underestimated and that such species are often
best understood in a global context
Exotic biological control agents : A solution or contribution to arthropod invasions?
Biological control is a valuable and effective strategy for controlling arthropod pests and has been used extensively against invasive arthropods. As one approach for control of invasives, exotic natural enemies from the native range of a pest are introduced to areas where control is needed. Classical biological control began to be used in the late 1800s and its use increased until, beginning in 1983, scientists began raising significant concerns and questions about nontarget and indirect effects that can be caused by these introductions. In recent years, similar issues have been raised about augmentative use of exotic natural enemies. Subsequently, international guidelines, national regulations and scientific methods being used for exotic natural enemies in biological control have changed to require appropriate specificity testing, risk assessment and regulatory oversight before exotic natural enemies can be released. National and international standards aimed at minimizing risk have increased awareness and promoted more careful consideration of the costs and benefits associated with biological control. The barriers to the implementation of classical and augmentative biological control with exotic natural enemies now are sometimes difficult and, as a consequence, the numbers of classical biological control programs and releases have decreased significantly. Based in part on this new, more careful approach, classical biological control programs more recently undertaken are increasingly aimed at controlling especially damaging invasive arthropod pests that otherwise cannot be controlled. We examine evidence for these revised procedures and regulations aimed at increasing success and minimizing risk. We also discuss limitations linked to the apparent paucity of post-introduction monitoring and inherent unpredictability of indirect effects.</p