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    The what and where of adding channel noise to the Hodgkin-Huxley equations

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    One of the most celebrated successes in computational biology is the Hodgkin-Huxley framework for modeling electrically active cells. This framework, expressed through a set of differential equations, synthesizes the impact of ionic currents on a cell's voltage -- and the highly nonlinear impact of that voltage back on the currents themselves -- into the rapid push and pull of the action potential. Latter studies confirmed that these cellular dynamics are orchestrated by individual ion channels, whose conformational changes regulate the conductance of each ionic current. Thus, kinetic equations familiar from physical chemistry are the natural setting for describing conductances; for small-to-moderate numbers of channels, these will predict fluctuations in conductances and stochasticity in the resulting action potentials. At first glance, the kinetic equations provide a far more complex (and higher-dimensional) description than the original Hodgkin-Huxley equations. This has prompted more than a decade of efforts to capture channel fluctuations with noise terms added to the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Many of these approaches, while intuitively appealing, produce quantitative errors when compared to kinetic equations; others, as only very recently demonstrated, are both accurate and relatively simple. We review what works, what doesn't, and why, seeking to build a bridge to well-established results for the deterministic Hodgkin-Huxley equations. As such, we hope that this review will speed emerging studies of how channel noise modulates electrophysiological dynamics and function. We supply user-friendly Matlab simulation code of these stochastic versions of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations on the ModelDB website (accession number 138950) and http://www.amath.washington.edu/~etsb/tutorials.html.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, review articl

    Revista de Revistas.

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    SelecciΓ³n de reseΓ±as bibliogrΓ‘ficas (Abril, Mayo y Junio, 1992) Trastorno por estrΓ©s postraumΓ‘tico en una poblaciΓ³n urbana de adultos jΓ³venes: factores de riesgo para la cronicidad. Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity. N. Bres/au, G.C. Oavis Am J Psychiatry. May 1992; 149: 5. M. Graell Berna ΒΏSon los poliovirus una causa de esquizofrenia?. Are polioviruses a cause of schizophrenia?. J.M. Eagles. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 160: 598-600. R. Villanueva El abuso sexual en niΓ±os, ΒΏes un factor de riesgo para la bulimia?. Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa?. H.G. Pope, J.I. Hudson. Am J Psychiatry. 1992; 149: 455-463. M. Salvador Robert Modelo del cambio de Prochaska y DiClemente: un estudio de caso. Prochaska and DiClemente's model of change: a case study. R. Davidson. British Journal of Addiction 1992; Vol 87: 821-822. J.P. PΓ©rez JimΓ©nez. MΓ©dico Residente de PsiquiatrΓ­a. Estados depresivos en la esclerosis mΓΊltiple. Depression in multiple sclerosis. Arias Bal, VΓ‘zquez Barquero, MirΓ³, PeΓ±a, Berciano. Actas Luso-Esp Neurolo-Psiquiatr. 1992; 20, 3: 97-103. F. RodrΓ­guez GonzΓ‘lez-NicolΓ‘s DepresiΓ³n y enfermedad de Parkinson: una revisiΓ³n. Depresion and Parkinson's disease: a review. J. L. Cummings. Am J Psychiatry. Abril 1992; 149: 4 Y. JΓ‘uregui Isasmendi Niveles en plasma de haloperidol y respuesta clΓ­nica: ventana terapΓ©utica. Haloperidol plasma levels and clinical response: a therapeutic window relationship. T van Putten et al. Am J Psychiatry. April 1992; 149: 4. M.A. Casado Prieto Tratamiento de la disquinesia tardΓ­a con vitamina E. Treatment of tadive dyskinesia with vitamin E. M.F Egan, TM. Hyde, G.W Albers, A. Elkashef, R.e. Alexander, A. Reeve, A. Blum, R.E. SΓ‘enz, R.J. Wyatt. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149: 773-777. M l. de la Hera Cabero Ganancia de peso en los pacientes tratados con clozapina. Weight gain among schizophrenia patients treated with clozapina. J.S. Lamberty, T Bellnier, S.a. Schwarzkopf. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149: 689-690. M l. de la Hera Cabero Cambio psΓ­quico: desarrollo en la teorΓ­a de las tΓ©cnicas psicoanalΓ­ticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A.M. Cooper (The New York Hospital Medical Center). International Journal of PsychoAnalysis. (Int J Psycho-Anal). 1992; Vol 73, parte 2 (summer): pp 245-250. A. E. Nafs ΒΏLa urgencia en la clΓ­nica infantil?. El problema de las consultas terapΓ©uticas analΓ­ticas. Urgence en clinique infantil?. La question des consultations therapeutiques analytiques. J-M.Oupeu Psychiatrie de L'Enfant 1992; XXXV, 1: pp 127-156. c. HerrΓ‘ez MartΓ­n de Valmaseda El estado de la cuestiΓ³n en... Instrumentos psicomΓ©tricos en la cuantificaciΓ³n de la manΓ­a. P. PΓ©rez Sales, M. Graell Berna, G. GΓ³mez MΓΊgic

    Revista de Revistas.

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    SelecciΓ³n de reseΓ±as bibliogrΓ‘ficas (Abril, Mayo y Junio, 1992) Trastorno por estrΓ©s postraumΓ‘tico en una poblaciΓ³n urbana de adultos jΓ³venes: factores de riesgo para la cronicidad. Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity. N. Bres/au, G.C. Oavis Am J Psychiatry. May 1992; 149: 5. M. Graell Berna ΒΏSon los poliovirus una causa de esquizofrenia?. Are polioviruses a cause of schizophrenia?. J.M. Eagles. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 160: 598-600. R. Villanueva El abuso sexual en niΓ±os, ΒΏes un factor de riesgo para la bulimia?. Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa?. H.G. Pope, J.I. Hudson. Am J Psychiatry. 1992; 149: 455-463. M. Salvador Robert Modelo del cambio de Prochaska y DiClemente: un estudio de caso. Prochaska and DiClemente's model of change: a case study. R. Davidson. British Journal of Addiction 1992; Vol 87: 821-822. J.P. PΓ©rez JimΓ©nez. MΓ©dico Residente de PsiquiatrΓ­a. Estados depresivos en la esclerosis mΓΊltiple. Depression in multiple sclerosis. Arias Bal, VΓ‘zquez Barquero, MirΓ³, PeΓ±a, Berciano. Actas Luso-Esp Neurolo-Psiquiatr. 1992; 20, 3: 97-103. F. RodrΓ­guez GonzΓ‘lez-NicolΓ‘s DepresiΓ³n y enfermedad de Parkinson: una revisiΓ³n. Depresion and Parkinson's disease: a review. J. L. Cummings. Am J Psychiatry. Abril 1992; 149: 4 Y. JΓ‘uregui Isasmendi Niveles en plasma de haloperidol y respuesta clΓ­nica: ventana terapΓ©utica. Haloperidol plasma levels and clinical response: a therapeutic window relationship. T van Putten et al. Am J Psychiatry. April 1992; 149: 4. M.A. Casado Prieto Tratamiento de la disquinesia tardΓ­a con vitamina E. Treatment of tadive dyskinesia with vitamin E. M.F Egan, TM. Hyde, G.W Albers, A. Elkashef, R.e. Alexander, A. Reeve, A. Blum, R.E. SΓ‘enz, R.J. Wyatt. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149: 773-777. M l. de la Hera Cabero Ganancia de peso en los pacientes tratados con clozapina. Weight gain among schizophrenia patients treated with clozapina. J.S. Lamberty, T Bellnier, S.a. Schwarzkopf. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 149: 689-690. M l. de la Hera Cabero Cambio psΓ­quico: desarrollo en la teorΓ­a de las tΓ©cnicas psicoanalΓ­ticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A.M. Cooper (The New York Hospital Medical Center). International Journal of PsychoAnalysis. (Int J Psycho-Anal). 1992; Vol 73, parte 2 (summer): pp 245-250. A. E. Nafs ΒΏLa urgencia en la clΓ­nica infantil?. El problema de las consultas terapΓ©uticas analΓ­ticas. Urgence en clinique infantil?. La question des consultations therapeutiques analytiques. J-M.Oupeu Psychiatrie de L'Enfant 1992; XXXV, 1: pp 127-156. c. HerrΓ‘ez MartΓ­n de Valmaseda El estado de la cuestiΓ³n en... Instrumentos psicomΓ©tricos en la cuantificaciΓ³n de la manΓ­a. P. PΓ©rez Sales, M. Graell Berna, G. GΓ³mez MΓΊgic

    Revista de Revistas.

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    PsiquiatrΓ­a dinΓ‘mica en la "dΓ©cada del cerebro". Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain". G.o. Gabbard. Am J Pschiatry. Agosto 1992; 149: 991-998. J. JΓ‘uregui Isasmendi El cambio psΓ­quico: desarrollo en la teorΓ­a de las tΓ©cnicas psicoanalΓ­ticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A. Cooper. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Summer 1992; vol 73, part 2: pp 245-250. J. LΓ³pez Castillo ΒΏTiene efecto catΓ‘rtico un intento de suicidio?. An attempted suicide actually have a cathartic effect?. Jo. Bronish. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992; 86: 228-232. M. Salvador Robert La exposiciΓ³n prenatal a la gripe no causa esquizofrenia. Prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia. JJ. Crovv, D.J. Oone. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 390-393. Rosa Villanueva PeΓ±a Alexitimia en mujeres con anorexia nerviosa. Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa. M.P Bourke et al. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 240-243.Β M. A. Casado Prieto DinΓ‘mica de caos en la actividad del sistema nervioso autΓ³nomo durante una sesiΓ³n de psicoterapia. Chaotic dynamics in autonomic nervous system activity of a patient during a psychotherapy session. D.J. Redington, S.P Reidbord. Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 984-992. P. PΓ©rez Sales, T. Ferrer Gila Uso de psicofΓ‘rmacos en el paciente con infecciΓ³n por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. J.L. Ayuso Mateas. FarmacologΓ­a del S.N.C. Septiembre 1992; vol 6, N.o 3: pp 94-101. I. Morales Tratamiento de mantenimiento de la depresiΓ³n recurrente orientaciΓ³n actual y futura. Maintenance treatment in recurrent depresion: current and future directions. D.J. Kupfer. British Journal 01 Psychiatry 1992; 161: 309-316. F. RodrΓ­guez y GonzΓ‘lez-NicolΓ‘s Comportamientos de riesgo para el VIH/SIDA entre los enfermos mentales crΓ³nicos. AIDS/HIV risk behavior among the cronic mentally ill. J.A. Kelly et al. Am J Psychiatry. July 1992; 149: 7. J.J. Marin Lozano Tipos de alcohΓ³licos. 1. Evidencia de una tipologΓ­a empΓ­rica basada en indicadores de vulnerabilidad y severidad. Types of alcoholics. l. Evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. TF Babor, M. Hofmann, FK. Del Broca, V Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, Z.S. Dolinsky, B. Rounsaville. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 599-608. PΓ©rez JimΓ©nez, J.P. ΒΏEs el momento para una moratoria en la desinstitucionalizaciΓ³n?. Is it time for a moratorium on deinstitutionalization?. R. Lamb. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. July 1992; vol 43, n.o 77. v. Aparicio Basauri Prevalencia de trastornos mentales en Subtiava, LeΓ³n, Nicaragua V Penayo, T Caldera, L. Jacobson Bol Of Sanit PanamΓ‘ 1992; 113 (2). V. Aparicio Basauri ΒΏCuΓ‘nto tiempo debe continuarse un tratamiento de mantenimiento con neurolΓ©pticos?. How long should neuroleptic maintenance treatment continue?. W Kissling. Relapse. Issues in the Management of Chronic Psychosis. Vol 2, n.o 3. V. Aparicio Basauri El estado de la cuestiΓ³n en... Consecuencias en pacientes adultos del abuso sexual en la infancia. A.E. Naf

    Revista de Revistas.

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    PsiquiatrΓ­a dinΓ‘mica en la "dΓ©cada del cerebro". Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain". G.o. Gabbard. Am J Pschiatry. Agosto 1992; 149: 991-998. J. JΓ‘uregui Isasmendi El cambio psΓ­quico: desarrollo en la teorΓ­a de las tΓ©cnicas psicoanalΓ­ticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A. Cooper. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Summer 1992; vol 73, part 2: pp 245-250. J. LΓ³pez Castillo ΒΏTiene efecto catΓ‘rtico un intento de suicidio?. An attempted suicide actually have a cathartic effect?. Jo. Bronish. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992; 86: 228-232. M. Salvador Robert La exposiciΓ³n prenatal a la gripe no causa esquizofrenia. Prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia. JJ. Crovv, D.J. Oone. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 390-393. Rosa Villanueva PeΓ±a Alexitimia en mujeres con anorexia nerviosa. Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa. M.P Bourke et al. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 240-243.Β M. A. Casado Prieto DinΓ‘mica de caos en la actividad del sistema nervioso autΓ³nomo durante una sesiΓ³n de psicoterapia. Chaotic dynamics in autonomic nervous system activity of a patient during a psychotherapy session. D.J. Redington, S.P Reidbord. Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 984-992. P. PΓ©rez Sales, T. Ferrer Gila Uso de psicofΓ‘rmacos en el paciente con infecciΓ³n por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. J.L. Ayuso Mateas. FarmacologΓ­a del S.N.C. Septiembre 1992; vol 6, N.o 3: pp 94-101. I. Morales Tratamiento de mantenimiento de la depresiΓ³n recurrente orientaciΓ³n actual y futura. Maintenance treatment in recurrent depresion: current and future directions. D.J. Kupfer. British Journal 01 Psychiatry 1992; 161: 309-316. F. RodrΓ­guez y GonzΓ‘lez-NicolΓ‘s Comportamientos de riesgo para el VIH/SIDA entre los enfermos mentales crΓ³nicos. AIDS/HIV risk behavior among the cronic mentally ill. J.A. Kelly et al. Am J Psychiatry. July 1992; 149: 7. J.J. Marin Lozano Tipos de alcohΓ³licos. 1. Evidencia de una tipologΓ­a empΓ­rica basada en indicadores de vulnerabilidad y severidad. Types of alcoholics. l. Evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. TF Babor, M. Hofmann, FK. Del Broca, V Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, Z.S. Dolinsky, B. Rounsaville. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 599-608. PΓ©rez JimΓ©nez, J.P. ΒΏEs el momento para una moratoria en la desinstitucionalizaciΓ³n?. Is it time for a moratorium on deinstitutionalization?. R. Lamb. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. July 1992; vol 43, n.o 77. v. Aparicio Basauri Prevalencia de trastornos mentales en Subtiava, LeΓ³n, Nicaragua V Penayo, T Caldera, L. Jacobson Bol Of Sanit PanamΓ‘ 1992; 113 (2). V. Aparicio Basauri ΒΏCuΓ‘nto tiempo debe continuarse un tratamiento de mantenimiento con neurolΓ©pticos?. How long should neuroleptic maintenance treatment continue?. W Kissling. Relapse. Issues in the Management of Chronic Psychosis. Vol 2, n.o 3. V. Aparicio Basauri El estado de la cuestiΓ³n en... Consecuencias en pacientes adultos del abuso sexual en la infancia. A.E. Naf

    Search for the standard model Higgs boson at LEP

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    Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

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    The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pTβ‰₯20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}Ξ·{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}Ξ·{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≀pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≀{pipe}Ξ·{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. Β© 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
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