Investigation of auto-ionizing states in xenon by resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionization

We have examined the autoionization spectrum of xenon by resonantly enhanced three-photon ionization (2+1 REMPI) involving intermediate states $5p^5 6p \, [J=0,2]$. The properties of the observed autoionization resonances change significantly with the choice of the intermediate state. For ionization via an intermediate state with predominantly $5p^5 (^{2}$P$_{3/2})$ core character, a strong continuum with embedded window-type $5p^5 (^2$P$_{1/2})\,nd'$-autoionization resonances is observed. For intermediate states, predominantly with $5p^5 (^{2}$P$_{1/2})$ core character, both $5p^5 (^2$P$_{1/2})\,nd'$- as well as $5p^5 (^2$P$_{1/2})\,ns'$-resonances are present in the spectrum as overlapping, nearly symmetric peaks on a rather weak continuum. Calculations confirm the significant dependence of the spectral lineshapes upon the excitation pathway to the autoionizing state. The ionization data are compared with spectra obtained by monitoring third-harmonic generation via autoionizing states without resonant excitation of intermediate states. These spectra also exhibit the signature of both the nd'- and ns'-resonances

Efeitos da taxa de ganho de peso pré-desmama de bezerras de corte e do nível nutricional pós-parto, quando vacas, sobre a produção e composição do leite e o desempenho de bezerros Preweaning gain rate of beef heifers and postpartum nutritional level, as cows, on milk production and composition and performance of their calves

Foi estudada a taxa de ganho de peso de bezerras de corte na fase de aleitamento, do nascimento aos sete meses, e seu reflexo sobre o desempenho posterior, enquanto vacas. As taxas de ganho de peso avaliadas quando bezerras, durante o período pré-desmame, foram: baixa (menor que 350 g/dia) e moderada (maior que 350 g/dia). Quando vacas e após o parto, foram mantidas com seus bezerros até o desmame, em pastagem nativa (PN) ou pastagem cultivada (PC). As vacas, quando bezerras, foram pesadas ao nascer e aos sete meses de idade (desmame) e, quando vacas, foram pesadas, com seus bezerros nas primeiras 24 horas pós-parto; aos 14, 42, 70, 98, 126, 154, 182 dias; e ao desmame, que ocorreu com idade média dos bezerros de 228 dias. As avaliações da produção de leite e a coleta de amostras para avaliação da composição do leite foram realizadas nas mesmas datas das pesagens, com exceção do nascimento. Taxas de ganho de peso inferiores a 350 g/dia até os sete meses de idade não foram prejudiciais ao futuro peso das bezerras, em razão da compensação no peso que apresentaram na fase pós-desmama. Bezerras com taxas de ganho de peso menores que 350 g/dia até os sete meses de idade, enquanto vacas produziram maiores quantidades de leite (4,83 vs 3,71 L/dia), total de gordura (47,4 vs 35,9 kg), lactose (52,6 vs 39,7 kg), extrato seco total (140,4 vs 107,2 kg) e extrato seco desengordurado (94,8 vs 71,2 kg), e bezerros com maiores ganhos de peso (717 vs 617 g/dia) e mais pesados ao desmame (189,0 vs 166,1 kg) que as vacas que, quando bezerras, apresentaram taxas de ganho de peso acima de 350 g/dia.<br>The preweaning weight gain rate of beef heifers and its effects on their subsequent performance as cows, was studied. The weight gain rates evaluated as heifer calves before weaning were low (below 350 g/day) and moderate (above 350 g/day). As cows and after calving, they were kept together with their calves until weaning on native (NP) or cultivated pasture (CP). The cows while heifers were weighted at birth and at weaning with seven months. As cows they were weighted with their calves 24h after calving, at 14, 42, 70, 98, 126, 182 days postpartum, and at weaning when the calves reached average age of 228 days. The milk yield and the sampling for the evaluation of milk composition were taken at the same day of the weighing of the cows, with exception at birth. Weight rates below 350 g/day until seven months, did not affect the future weight of the heifers, due to compensatory gain after weaning. Heifers with weight gain rates below 350 g/day until seven month, as cows produced more milk (4.83 vs 3.71 L/day), total fat (47.4 vs 35.9 kg), lactose (52.6 vs 39.7 kg), total dry extract (140.4 vs 107.2 kg) and nonfat dry extract (94.8 vs 71.2 kg), calves with higher weight gain (717 vs 617 g/day) and heavier at weaning (189 vs 166.1 kg), than cows that showed as heifer-calves weight gain rates above 350 g/day