Interaction of martensitic microstructures in adjacent grains

It is often observed that martensitic microstructures in adjacent polycrystal grains are related. For example, micrographs of Arlt exhibit propagation of layered structures across grain boundaries in the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation in $\rm BaTiO_3$. Such observations are related to requirements of compatibility of the deformation at the grain boundary. Using a generalization of the Hadamard jump condition, this is explored in the nonlinear elasticity model of martensitic transformations for the case of a bicrystal with suitably oriented columnar geometry, in which the microstructure in both grains is assumed to involve just two martensitic variants, with a planar or non-planar interface between the grains.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ICOMAT 2017 Proceeding

Drawing the hoarding line: balancing the spatial requirements of customer and contractor in occupied refurbishment of railway stations

In planning an occupied refurbishment the spatial needs of the contractor and of theongoing business have to be balanced. For the refurbishment of railway stations, aparticular concern to retailers and train operators is the disruptive effect ofconstruction works upon pedestrian movement. RaCMIT (Refurbishment andCustomer Movement Integration Tool) is a research project aimed at investigatingthis problem through concentration on decision criteria/processes of the client andmodels/observations of pedestrian movement. The objective of the research is todevelop a decision protocol and decision support tools, which assist both the clientand the construction planner in addressing these problems and which allows overalloptimisation of project value to the client?s business. The practice of spatial decisionmakingin station refurbishment projects has been investigated in two case studies.This paper concentrates on one case study where pedestrian movement was observedbefore and during the refurbishment. Research observations as well as currentliterature suggest that a) for overall decision-making, opportunities may be lost(under current practice) for minimising joint project cost/revenue (or other)disruption and b) for spatial decision-making, temporary station configuration duringconstruction may be a significant variable. In planning an occupied refurbishment the spatial needs of the contractor and of theongoing business have to be balanced. For the refurbishment of railway stations, aparticular concern to retailers and train operators is the disruptive effect ofconstruction works upon pedestrian movement. RaCMIT (Refurbishment andCustomer Movement Integration Tool) is a research project aimed at investigatingthis problem through concentration on decision criteria/processes of the client andmodels/observations of pedestrian movement. The objective of the research is todevelop a decision protocol and decision support tools, which assist both the clientand the construction planner in addressing these problems and which allows overalloptimisation of project value to the client?s business. The practice of spatial decisionmakingin station refurbishment projects has been investigated in two case studies.This paper concentrates on one case study where pedestrian movement was observedbefore and during the refurbishment. Research observations as well as currentliterature suggest that a) for overall decision-making, opportunities may be lost(under current practice) for minimising joint project cost/revenue (or other)disruption and b) for spatial decision-making, temporary station configuration duringconstruction may be a significant variable

'White Bolsheviks'? The Catholic left and the Socialists in Italy - 1919-1920

During Italy's ‘two red years’ (1919–20), left-wing catholics challenged the authority of the church and the landowners in large areas of northern Italy. Calling themselves the estremisti (the extremists), left catholic unions organized peasants and workers in land and farm occupations and encouraged a series of radical strikes. Left catholic leaders became national figures, in particular Guido Miglioli at Cremona and Romano Cocchi at Bergamo. This article examines these innovative struggles and their troubled relationship with the traditional socialist Italian left during this turbulent period. No alliances were formed between the estremisti and the ‘red’ unions until 1921–4, when fascism was already rampant and the revolutionary wave had already subsided. The article analyses why alliances were not built earlier, and why the socialists were so hostile towards the catholic left. Both the theory and the practice of the traditional left prevented any positive appraisal of the estremisti. In addition, there are detailed accounts of the extraordinary mass movements inspired by Cocchi and Miglioli in some of the richest and most staunchly catholic regions of northern Italy

Whatever happened to meaning? Commentary on Millikan: A common structure for concepts of individuals, stuffs, and real kinds

Even in infancy, concept formation has to do with creating meaning, not with tracking substances. Preverbal infants can identify a substance such as a dog, but their first concept of this substance is not dog but animal. It is difficult to account for such global concepts by the perceptual processes involved in object identification, yet these concepts are the foundation on which later concepts are built

Poststructuralism against poststructuralism: Actor-network theory, organizations and economic markets

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2012 The Author.In recent years, actor-network theory (ANT) has become an increasingly influential theoretical framework through which to analyse economic markets and organizations. Indeed, with its emphasis on the power of social and natural concrete ‘things’ to become contingently enrolled in different networks, many argue that ANT successfully draws attention to the complex intermeshing of new technologies and social actors in organizations and markets across spatial divides from the local to the global. This article argues, however, that within its own method of abstraction and research methodology, ANT separates ‘concrete’ and ‘contingent’ economic markets and organizations from their abstract, necessary and virtual capitalist form. This means that ANT will tend to over-identify with how concrete-contingent actor-networks are performed in empirical economic markets and organizations at the expense of analysing how such empirical contexts are also internally mediated through abstract capitalist processes such as that of surplus value extraction. This, in turn, creates a number of difficulties in how ANT investigates economic markets and organizations. These critical points are made by recourse to the Marxist poststructuralism of Deleuze and Guattari as well as through conventional Marxist ideas

Geometric continuous patch complexes

A theory of geometric continuity of arbitrary order is presented. Conditions of geometric continuity at a vertex where a number of patches meet are investigated. Geometric continuous patch complexes are introduced as the appropriate setting for the representation of surfaces in CAGD. The theory is applied to the modelling of closed surfaces and the fitting of triangular patches into a geometric continuous patch complex