42 research outputs found
Tuning the GENIE Pion Production Model with MINERvA Data
Faced with unresolved tensions between neutrino interaction measurements at
few-GeV neutrino energies, current experiments are forced to accept large
systematic uncertainties to cover discrepancies between their data and model
predictions. In this paper, the widely used pion production model in GENIE is
compared to four MINERvA charged current pion production measurements using
NUISANCE. Tunings, ie, adjustments of model parameters, to help match GENIE to
MINERvA and older bubble chamber data are presented here. We find that
scattering off nuclear targets as measured in MINERvA is not in good agreement
with scattering off nucleon (hydrogen or deuterium) targets in the bubble
chamber data. An additional ad hoc correction for the low- region, where
collective effects are expected to be large, is also presented. While these
tunings and corrections improve the agreement of GENIE with the data, the
modeling is imperfect. The development of these tunings within the NUISANCE
frameworkallows for straightforward extensions to other neutrino event
generators and models, and allows omitting and including new data sets as they
become available
Clinical Use and Therapeutic Potential of IVIG/SCIG, Plasma-Derived IgA or IgM, and Other Alternative Immunoglobulin Preparations
Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin preparations, consisting of IgG class antibodies, are increasingly used to treat a broad range of pathological conditions, including humoral immune deficiencies, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. A plethora of Fab- or Fc-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms has been described that might act separately or in concert, depending on pathogenesis or stage of clinical condition. Attempts have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of polyclonal IgG preparations, including the identification of relevant subfractions, mild chemical modification of molecules, or modification of carbohydrate side chains. Furthermore, plasma-derived IgA or IgM preparations may exhibit characteristics that might be exploited therapeutically. The need for improved treatment strategies without increase in plasma demand is a goal and might be achieved by more optimal use of plasma-derived proteins, including the IgA and the IgM fractions. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge and future strategies to improve the efficacy of regular IgG preparations and discusses the potential of human plasma-derived IgA, IgM, and preparations composed of mixtures of IgG, IgA, and IgM