Aspectos epidemiológicos do dengue no Município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, 1997-2002 Epidemiological characteristics of dengue in the Municipality of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, 1997-2002

Foram notificados 12.008 casos de dengue no período de 1997 a 2002, com picos em 1997 (35,80%) e 1998 (45,80%). A doença predominou na faixa etária de 15-49 anos (72,20%) e na estação chuvosa (83,30%), correlacionando-se positivamente com a precipitação pluviométrica (r = 0,84) e a umidade relativa (r = 0,76), e negativamente com a temperatura (r = -0,78). Não houve diferença significativa (chi2 = 2,319; p > 0,05) no número de casos entre os sexos masculino (49,00%) e feminino (51,00%). Os sete distritos sanitários resultaram positivos: Tirirical (27,00%), Coroadinho (17,00%), Bequimão (16,00%), Cohab (14,00%), Itaqui-Bacanga (11,00%), Centro (8,00%) e Vila Esperança (7,00%). O índice de infestação predial oscilou de 1,01 a 7,15 e o índice de Breteau, de 1,10 a 8,18. Os depósitos mais freqüentes foram: tambor e similares (80,00%), vaso de planta (4,70%), garrafa, lata e plástico (3,60%), pneu (3,30%) e caixa d'água (2,70%); os demais representaram 5,7%. Para Ae. aegyptiforam encontrados 134.631 depósitos positivos, predominando os do tipo B (80,00%), seguidos pelos dos tipos C (4,70%), E (3,60%) e A (3,30%).<br>A total of 12,008 cases of dengue were reported from 1997 to 2002, with peaks in 1997 (35.8%) and 1998 (45.8%). The disease predominated in the 15-49-year age group (72.2%) and during the rainy season (83.3%), showing a positive correlation with the amount of rainfall (r = 0.84) and relative humidity (r = 0.76) and a negative correlation with temperature (r = -0.78). There was no significant difference (chi2 = 2.319; p > 0.05) in the number of cases in males (49%) and females (51%). Dengue was detected in all seven health districts: Tirirical (27%), Coroadinho (17%), Bequimão (16%), Cohab (14%), Itaqui-Bacanga (11%), Centro (8%), and Vila Esperança (7%). The building infestation rate ranged from 1.01 to 7.15, and the Breteau index ranged from 1.10 to 8.18. The most frequent mosquito breeding sites were metal barrels or similar recipients (80.0%), followed by plant vases (4.7%), bottles, cans, and plastics (3.6%), tires (3.3%), water tanks (2.7%), and others (5.7%). In the case of Aedes aegypti, 134,631 positive water deposits were detected, with a predominance of type B (80.0%), followed by types C (4.7%), E (3.6%), and A (3.3%)

Field and classroom initiatives for portable sequence-based monitoring of dengue virus in Brazil.

Brazil experienced a large dengue virus (DENV) epidemic in 2019, highlighting a continuous struggle with effective control and public health preparedness. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we led field and classroom initiatives for the monitoring of DENV in Brazil, generating 227 novel genome sequences of DENV1-2 from 85 municipalities (2015-2019). This equated to an over 50% increase in the number of DENV genomes from Brazil available in public databases. Using both phylogenetic and epidemiological models we retrospectively reconstructed the recent transmission history of DENV1-2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed complex patterns of transmission, with both lineage co-circulation and replacement. We identified two lineages within the DENV2 BR-4 clade, for which we estimated the effective reproduction number and pattern of seasonality. Overall, the surveillance outputs and training initiative described here serve as a proof-of-concept for the utility of real-time portable sequencing for research and local capacity building in the genomic surveillance of emerging viruses