Serum folate, homocysteine and colorectal cancer risk in women: a nested case–control study

Accumulating evidence suggests that folate, which is plentiful in vegetables and fruits, may be protective against colorectal cancer. The authors have studied the relationship of baseline levels of serum folate and homocysteine to the subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case–control study including 105 cases and 523 matched controls from the New York University Women's Health Study cohort. In univariate analyses, the cases had lower serum folate and higher serum homocysteine levels than controls. The difference was more significant for folate (P < 0.001) than for homocysteine (P = 0.04). After ad'justing for potential confounders, the risk of colorectal cancer in the subjects in the highest quartile of serum folate was half that of those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio, OR = 0.52, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.27–0.97, P-value for trend = 0.04). The OR for the highest quartile of homocysteine, relative to the lowest quartile, was 1.72 (95% CI = 0.83–3.65, P-value for trend = 0.09). In addition, the risk of colorectal cancer was almost twice as high in subjects with below-median serum folate and above-median total alcohol intake compared with those with above-median serum folate and below-median alcohol consumption (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.92–4.29). The potentially protective effects of folate need to be confirmed in clinical trials. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Miocardiopatia dilatada em pacientes com infecção chagásica crônica: relato de dois casos fatais autóctones do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas Dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with chronic chagasic infection: report of two fatal autochthonous cases from Rio Negro, State of Amazonas, Brazil

Dois casos fatais de miocardiopatia chagásica crônica dilatada são relatados pela primeira vez em pacientes autóctones do rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas. Ambos os casos, um homem de 45 anos de idade e uma mulher de 44, nasceram e viveram toda a vida na região do Rio Negro, no norte do estado do Amazonas, tendo sido picados numerosas vezes por triatomineos silvestres em piaçabais da área. Os pacientes que tiveram as reações sorológicas positivas para anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi (imunofluorescência, ELISA e Wertern blot) desenvolveram nos últimos 5-7 anos um quadro de insuficiência cardíaca progressivo, com aumento global da área cardíaca, bloqueios atrioventricular e de ramo esquerdo e extrassístoles ventriculares, faleceram de insuficiência cardíaca irreversível. Um dos casos em que foi feita a biópsia cardíaca cirúrgica pós-mortem, mostrou na histopatologia, miocardite crônica com infiltrado mononuclear difuso, com áreas de adensamento celular, fibrose, dissociação, fragmentação e hialinização de fibras cardíacas, sugestivo de miocardite chagásica crônica e o PCR in situ foi positivo para Trypanosoma cruzi.<br>Two fatal cases of human chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy are reported, for the first time, in autochthonous patients from Rio Negro, Amazonas state. Both cases, (45 year old man and 44 year old woman) who were born and lived their whole lives in the Rio Negro region, in the northern part of the state of Amazonas, reported having been bitten several times by triatomine bugs in their camping huts while gathering piaçava fibers. The patients, who had confirmed positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western blot), developed in the last 5-7 years a progressive cardiac failure, with global enlargement of the heart, atrioventricular and left bundle branch block, ventricular extrasystoles, both dying from irreversible cardiac insufficiency. The histopathology of a post-mortem surgical cardiac biopsy performed in one of the cases showed chronic myocarditis with diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates, with areas of focal cell accumulation, fibrosis, lytic necrosis of myocardial fibers, suggestive of chronic chagasic myocarditis. An in situ PCR was positive for Trypanosoma cruzi