FABRICATION OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN, INTERCALATED WITH MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES THROUGH SODIUM ALGINATE/POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE SEMI IPN MICROBEADS

Objective: The aim of the present work is to fabricate curcumin (CUR) encapsulated microbeads in the polymer matrix of sodium alginate (SA)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-co-vinyl acetate (PVP-co-VAc) intercalated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using glutaraldehyde (GA)/calcium chloride CaCl2 as the crosslinker. Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by a modified co-precipitation method. Curcumin encapsulated SA/PVP-co-VAc microbeads, intercalated with MNPs were prepared by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The formation of microbeads and uniform distribution of curcumin were characterized using spectroscopic methods. In addition, swelling and drug release kinetic studies of the microbeads were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies reveal that the peak at 181 °C of CUR was not observed in CUR loaded microbeads, which confirms that CUR was encapsulated at the molecular level in the polymer matrix. The X-Ray diffraction (X-RD) diffractograms of CUR shows 2Ө peaks between 12-28 °, which indicated the crystalline nature of CUR, these peaks are not found in CUR loaded microbeads, suggesting that the drug has been molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The X-RD 2Ө peaks of MNPs are observed in the MNPs loaded microbeads, which confirms that MNPs are successfully loaded in the microbeads. The swelling studies and in vitro release studies were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The results reveal that at pH 7.4 highest swelling and release was observed, which confirms that the developed microbeads are pH sensitive and are suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics fit into the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, indicating non-Fickian diffusion. Conclusion: The results concluded that the present system as dependent on pH of the test medium and hence suggest suitability for intestinal drug delivery

SODIUM ALGINATE/GELATIN MICROBEADS-INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANOCLAY FOR EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY IN WILSON’S DISEASE

Objective: The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the drug release studies using Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gelatin (GE) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Methods: Sodium alginate/gelatin/Kaolin blend microbeads were prepared by an extrusion method by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The obtained microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release kinetics of the microbeads was investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-RD reveals that the KA should be intercalated with the drug and also it confirms the molecular level dispersion of D-Penicillamine into microbeads. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the beads were in spherical shape with some wrinkled depressions on the surface. The in vitro release study indicates the D-Penicillamine released in a controlled manner. The in vitro release kinetics was assessed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the ‘n’ value lies in between 0.557-0.693 indicates Non-Fickian diffusion process. Conclusion: The results suggest that the developed KA intercalated microbeads are good potential drug carrier for the controlled release of D-PA

Fabrication of Gelatin/Karaya gum blend microspheres for the controlled release of Distigmine bromide

This paper reports the fabrication of gelatin/karaya gum microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method for controlled release of distigmine bromide. The microspheres were crosslinked with the help of glutaraldehyde and used for controlled oral delivery of distigmine bromide. The obtained microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Drug release kinetics of the microspheres is investigated in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 at 37oC. Results illustrated that microspheres was influenced by the pH of test mediums, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics was analyzed by evaluating the release data using different kinetic models. Keywords: Karaya Gum, Gelatin, microspheres, drug delivery

Emerging Novel Drug Delivery System for Control Release of Curcumin through Sodium Alginate/Poly(ethylene glycol) Semi IPN Microbeads-Intercalated with Kaolin Nanoclay

The aim of the present work is fabrication of Curcumin encapsulated microbeads from Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene Glycol/Kaolin using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The developed microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of microbeads. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed uniform molecular dispersion of CUR in the microbeads. Encapsulation efficiency of CUR in microbeads was ranged from 40 to 49%. Dynamic swelling studies and in vitro release kinetics were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 oC. The results suggest that both swelling studies and cumulative release studies were depend on pH of the test medium, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The in vitro release data were analysed by using Korsmeyer peppas equation to compute the diffusion exponent (n); the results suggest that it followed non-Fickian diffusion. Keywords: Sodium Alginate, Polyethylene Glycol, Kaolin, Microbeads, Drug deliver

Sustainable synthesis of magnetically separable SiO2/Co@Fe2O4 nanocomposite and its catalytic applications for the benzimidazole synthesis

The Co(II) and Fe(III) centres magnetically separable two new mesoporous nanocatalyst were synthesised via chemical synthesis method. The transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM) show that, the particles are spherical shape with mean size of 20 nm. The Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that SiO2 is coating on the surface of the cobalt ferrate nanoparticle (CoFe2O4). The SiO2 coating is efficiently preventing the aggregated collision of nanoparticles. Magnetic measurements show that diamagnetic character of the SiO2 is unaffected to the coercivity of SiO2 coated CoFe2O4 particles. In addition, these nanoparticles are used as nanocatalyst for high yielding, facile and expeditious synthesis of various functionalized 2-arylbenzimidazoles via one-pot condensation. The cascade including imine formation, cyclization, condensation, and aromatization occurs, without addition of any reducing or oxidizing agents. In all situations, the desired product was synthesised with excellent yield. The shorter reaction time, mild reaction condition, simplicity, non-toxicity, safe reaction and easy workup are the impotent merits of this protocol. Statement of Significance In SiO2 coated CoFe2O4 particles SiO2 serves as an efficient capping agent and prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles hence reducing the particle size, this cascade open up with stoichiometric quantity of using SiO2 with unaffected ferromagnetism of CoFe2O4 particles along with reducing the particle size. In addition SiO2 coated CoFe2O4 particles act as a highly efficient nanocatalytic, this method can be extended to the development of other catalytic system used in the synthesis of important pharmacological drungs. Moreover this catalyst employed economic large scale synthesis of cyclization reaction with recoverable and reusable properties without loss of catalytic activity for several cycles