5 research outputs found
Inguinal lymph node metastasis of colon cancer
We present a case of adenocarcinoma of colon with unusual metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes. Our patient is a young male with bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy, bone pains, and jaundice who presented as carcinoma of unknown primary. He was diagnosed as widely metastatic adenocarcinoma of colon for which he received chemotherapy and has had a good response to the treatment
Effects of Ketamine Gargle for Post-operative Sore Throat, Hoarseness of Voice and Cough Under General Anaesthesia- A Randomised Control Study
Introduction: Majority of the patient undergo endotracheal
intubation for various time duration, when given general
anaesthesia. Injury in airway mucosa or vocal cords due
to endotracheal intubation can be a contributing factor.
Ketamine without affecting local healing process has an antiproinflammatory effect as it limits exacerbation of systemic
inflammation.
Aim: To study the role of ketamine gargles as a pharmacological
measure in order to attenuate POST, HOV and cough followed
by endotracheal intubation during surgeries under general
anaesthesia.
Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled study was
carried out for a duration of 22 months from the institutional
ethical committee (Study Approval No. SVIEC/ON/MEDI/
BNPG18/D19046), on 50 patients of American Society of
Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. They were allocated
into two groups of 25 patients. Group (K): ketamine 50 mg in
29 mL 0.9% normal saline and Group (C): 30 mL 0.9% normal
saline. Patients were advised to gargle for 30 seconds just
5 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Patients were
intubated with appropriate size of the endotracheal tube and
were extubated when fully awake and conscious. Pateints were
shifted to postoperative ward and were kept in propped up
position with oxygen. Pateints were assessed at 1,2,4,24 hours
for incidence of POST, HOV and cough. Assessment was made
as per the 4 point scale grading system. The statistical analysis
was performed using unpaired t-test, p<0.05 considered
statistically significant.
Results: In terms of POST grading in both K and C groups
p-value was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 1 and at 2 hours
postoperatively. In terms of HOV, in group K voice quality
issues were reduced till 24 hours, (p<0.05). In terms of cough,
in group K there was a significant reduction in complaints of
cough till 4 hours postoperatively, (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Ketamine gargles is effective in attenuating POST
and cough till 2 hours and HOV till 4 hours postoperatively in
patients following endotracheal intubation
Comparison of haemodynamic response to induction with propofol versus etomidate in patients scheduled for elective surgery
Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are harmful stimuli that can produce adverse response in the cardiovascular, respiratory and other physiological systems. These changes are reflected in haemodynamic parameters which can be fatal for patients with low cardiac reserve and may alter the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand and as a result, myocardial ischemia can be precipitated. This observational comparative study was conducted to compare the haemodynamic effects of Propofol and Etomidate during induction of general anaesthesia in patients scheduled for elective surgery. Materials and Methods: 58 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups (n=28). Group P received injection Propofol (2.5mg/kg) and group E received injection Etomidate (0.3mg/kg) during induction. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at various time intervals. Statistical analysis was done using software (MedCalc Version 20.014). P value was considered significant if p £ 0.05. Results: Demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. Hemodynamic parameters at baseline and after premedication were comparable
A Review of an Unfavorable Subset of Breast Cancer: Estrogen Receptor Positive Progesterone Receptor Negative
This review highlights the role of the progesterone receptor in breast cancer and discusses a significant subset of breast cancers that are estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative, and provides insight into the epidemiology, development, treatment concepts, prognosis, and resistance of these tumors to selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen