504 research outputs found
Influence of prior intense exercise and cold water immersion in recovery for performance and physiological response during subsequent exercise
Athletes in intense endurance sports (e.g., 4000-m track cycling) often perform maximally (~4 min) twice a day due to qualifying and finals being placed on the same day. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate repeated performance on the same day in a competitive setting (part A) and the influence from prior intense exercise on subsequent performance and physiological response to moderate and maximal exercise with and without the use of cold water immersion (CWI) in recovery (part B). In part A, performance times during eight World championships for male track cyclists were extracted from the qualifying and final races in 4000-m individual pursuit. In part B, twelve trained cyclists with an average (±SD) â©O(2)-peak of 67 ± 5 mL/min/kg performed a protocol mimicking a qualifying race (QUAL) followed 3 h later by a performance test (PT) with each exercise period encompassing intense exercise for ~4 min preceded by an identical warm-up period in both a control setting (CON) and using cold water immersion in recovery (CWI; 15 min at 15°C). Performance was lowered (P < 0.001) from qualification to finals (259 ± 3 vs. 261 ± 3 s) for the track cyclists during World championships in part A. In part B, mean power in PT was not different in CWI relative to CON (406 ± 43 vs. 405 ± 38 W). Peak â©O(2) (5.04 ± 0.50 vs. 5.00 ± 0.49 L/min) and blood lactate (13 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 3 mmol/L) did not differ between QUAL and PT and cycling economy and potassium handling was not impaired by prior intense exercise. In conclusion, performance is reduced with repeated maximal exercise in world-class track cyclists during 4000-m individual pursuit lasting ~4 min, however prior intense exercise do not appear to impair peak â©O(2), peak lactate, cycling economy, or potassium handling in trained cyclists and CWI in recovery does not improve subsequent performance
Boldspil er bedre end lĂžftede pegefingre, hvis vi skal have danskerne til at bevĂŠge sig mere
Small-sided football in schools and leisure-time sport clubs improves physical fitness, health profile, well-being and learning in children
The effect of exercise and beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation on glutathionylation and function of the Na,K-ATPase in human skeletal muscle
Effect of a 26-month floorball training on male elderly's cardiovascular fitness, glucose control, body composition, and functional capacity
Background: Floorball training offers a motivating and socially stimulating team activity for older adults, and 12 weeks of floorball training twice a week among men aged 65â76 years have been shown to have positive effects on a number of physiological parameters important for health. However, the effect of long-term participation in floorball training among male elderly has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 26-month self-organized regular participation in floorball training on cardiovascular fitness, body composition, blood lipids, glucose control, and physical function among recreationally active men aged 66â78 years. Methods: After completing a 12-week randomized and controlled intervention with floorball and petanque training in the autumn 2014 or spring 2015, 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training (floorball group, FG), whereas 16 subjects resumed their usual lifestyle (control group, CG). FG took part in self-organized floorball training 1.7 sessions of 40 min/week, and CG continued their normal recreationally active lifestyle during a 26-month follow-up period. At baseline and after the follow-up period subjects were tested for cardiovascular fitness, glucose control (resting blood samples), body composition dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA-scanning), and functional capacity. Results: In FG, the decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during the follow-up period was lower (242 ± 379 mL/min, pâŻ=âŻ0.01), blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) increased less (â1.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, pâŻ=âŻ0.02), and leg bone mineral density increased more (0.03 ± 0.05 g/cm2, pâŻ=âŻ0.02) than those in CG. The effects on body mass, total lean body mass, fat mass, blood lipids, and physical function were similar in FG and CG. Conclusion: Approximately twice weekly floorball sessions with 40 min/session over 26-month appear to reduce age-related decline in cardiovascular fitness and glucose control and improve leg bone mineral density, suggesting that long-term participation in floorball training can be considered as a health-enhancing activity in recreationally active male elderly. Keywords: Bone mineral density, Elderly, Floorball, Glucose control, VO2ma
Purinergic effects on Na,K-ATPase activity differ in rat and human skeletal muscle
activity of the Na,K-ATPase in rat muscle. The hypothesis that a similar mechanism is present in human skeletal muscle was investigated with membranes from rat and human skeletal muscle. dependent Na,K-ATPase activity in rat muscle membranes, whereas similar treatments of human muscle membranes lowered the Na,K-ATPase activity. UTP incubation resulted in unchanged Na,K-ATPase activity in humans, but pre-incubation with the antagonist suramin resulted in inhibition with UTP, suggesting that P2Y receptors are involved. The Na,K-ATPase in membranes from both rat and human could be stimulated by protein kinase A and C activation. Thus, protein kinase A and C activation can increase Na,K-ATPase activity in human muscle but not via P2Y receptor stimulation. receptor).Rat muscle is not a reliable model for purinergic effects on Na,K-ATPase in human skeletal muscle
Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise-induced PGC-1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle
The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and myogenesis in trained human skeletal muscle to speed endurance exercise (S), endurance exercise (E), and speed endurance followed by endurance exercise (S + E). Seventeen trained male subjects (maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2)âmax): 57.2 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) mL·min(â1)·kg(â1)) performed S (6 Ă 30 sec allâout), E (60 min ~60% VO(2)âmax), and S + E on a cycle ergometer on separate occasions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 1, 2, and 3 h after the speed endurance exercise (S and S + E) and at rest, 0, 1, and 2 h after exercise in E. In S and S + E, muscle peroxisome proliferatorâactivated receptorâÎł coactivatorâ1 (PGCâ1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinaseâ4 (PDK4) mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. Muscle PGCâ1α and PDK4 mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.05) after exercise in S + E than in S and E, and higher (P < 0.05) in S than in E after exercise. In S and S + E, muscle vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 1 (S only), 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S + E, muscle regulatory factorâ4 and muscle heme oxygenaseâ1 mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 1, 2, and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S, muscle hexokinase II mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest and higher (P < 0.05) than in E after exercise. These findings suggest that in trained subjects, speed endurance exercise provides a stimulus for muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate regulation, and angiogenesis that is not evident with endurance exercise. These responses are reinforced when speed endurance exercise is followed by endurance exercise
Recreational football for disease prevention and treatment in untrained men: a narrative review examining cardiovascular health, lipid profile, body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity
Over the past 10â
years, researchers have studied the effects of recreational football training as a health-promoting activity for participants across the lifespan. This has important public health implications as over 400 million people play football annually. Results from the first randomised controlled trial, published in the BJSM in January 2009, showed that football increased maximal oxygen uptake and muscle and bone mass, and lowered fat percentage and blood pressure, in untrained men, and since then more than 70 articles about football for health have been published, including publications in two supplements of the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports in 2010 and 2014, prior to the FIFA World Cup tournaments in South Africa and Brazil. While studies of football training effects have also been performed in women and children, this article reviews the current evidence linking recreational football training with favourable effects in the prevention and treatment of disease in adult men
Similar improvements in 5-km performance and maximal oxygen uptake with submaximal and maximal 10-20-30 training in runners, but increase in muscle oxidative phosphorylation occur only with maximal effort training
Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine whether 10-20-30 training (consecutive 1-min intervals consisting of 30âs at low-speed, 20âs at moderate-speed, and 10âs at high-speed), performed with submaximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs, would lead to improved performance as well as increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2-max) and muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, to examine to what extent the effects would compare to 10-20-30 running conducted with maximal effort. Design: Nineteen males were randomly assigned to 10-20-30 running performed with either submaximal (SUBMAX; nâ=â11) or maximal (MAX; nâ=â8) effort, which was conducted three times/week for 6âweeks (intervention; INT). Before and after INT, subjects completed a 5-km running test and a VO2-max test, and a biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis. Results: After compared to before INT, SUBMAX and MAX improved (pâ<â0.05) 5-km performance by 3.0% (20.8â±â0.4 (means±SE) vs. 21.5â±â0.4âmin) and 2.3% (21.2â±â0.4 vs. 21.6â±â0.4âmin), respectively, and VO2-max was ~7% higher (pâ<â0.01) in both SUBMAX (57.0â±â1.3 vs. 53.5â±â1.1âmL/min/kg) and MAX (57.8â±â1.2 vs. 53.7â±â0.9âmL/min/kg), with no difference in the changes between groups. In SUBMAX, muscle OXPHOS was unchanged, whereas in MAX, muscle OXPHOS subunits (I-IV) and total OXPHOS (5.5â±â0.3 vs 4.7â±â0.3 A.U.) were 9%â29% higher (pâ<â0.05) after compared to before INT. Conclusion: Conducting 10-20-30 training with a non-maximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs is as efficient in improving 5-km performance and VO2-max as maximal effort exercise, whereas increase in muscle OXPHOS occur only when the 10-s high-speed runs are performed with maximal effort.Danish Ministry of Culture and Team Danmark, the Danish elite sports organization
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