PERBANDINGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PICTURE AND PICTURE DAN EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS DI SMA NASIONAL MAKASSAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelompok yaitu kelas X IPS 1 berjumlah 26 orang sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas X IPS 2 berjumlah 23 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol. Variabel penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu model pembelajaran Picture and Picture dan model pembelajaran Example Non Example sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu hasil belajar IPS. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen semu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture dengan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Nasional Makassar. Karena nilai rata-rata hasil belajar dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture lebih tinggi daripada dengan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example maka dapat dikatakan bahwa Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Exampl

Pengaruh kejut suhu terhadap proses pemijahan bulubabi Tripneustes gratilla pada media terkontrol

Perubahan lingkungan suhu perairan dapat menyebabkan stress pada biota perairan yang dapat mempengaruhi proses pemijahan, perkembangan dan pertumbuhan bulubabi T. gratilla, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian apabila perubahan yang terjadi melewati batas toleransi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2020, di Laboratorium Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu yang efektif untuk merangsang pemijahan dan pengaruh kejut suhu terhadap persentase pemijahan bulubabi T. gratilla. Penelitian ini mengunakan kejut suhu selama 5 menit dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan dengan menaikan dan menurunkan suhu dari suhu pemeliharaan 27 0C untuk merangsang pemijahan pada induk bulubabi T. gratilla. Kejut suhu yang digunakan yaitu menaikan suhu 3 0C dan 6 0C menggunakan heater dan menurunkan suhu 6 0C dan 3 0C mengunakan es batu. Bulubabi yang digunakan diambil dari perairan Bolok dengan diameter 50-60 mm dan dipelihara dalam akuarim dengan kepadatan 5 ekor / akuarium, selama pemeliharaan bulubabi diberi pakan berbasis Enhalus 10% yang diberikan secara adlibitum hingga matang gonad. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu yang efektif yaitu penurunan suhu 3 0C dari suhu 27 0C menjadi 24 0C dengan persentase pemijahan 86,6% dan persentase telur terbuahi yaitu 35,57%. Hasil anova menunjukan kejut suhu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemijahan bulubabi T. gratilla (P < 0.05). Metode kejut suhu dapat digunakan untuk merangsang pemijahan pada bulubabi T. gratilla. Kata kunci: bulubabi T. gratilla, kejut suhu, pemijahan

Primary health care in rural Malawi - a qualitative assessment exploring the relevance of the community-directed interventions approach

BACKGROUND: Primary Health Care (PHC) is a strategy endorsed for attaining equitable access to basic health care including treatment and prevention of endemic diseases. Thirty four years later, its implementation remains sub-optimal in most Sub-Saharan African countries that access to health interventions is still a major challenge for a large proportion of the rural population. Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) and community-directed interventions (CDI) are participatory approaches to strengthen health care at community level. Both approaches are based on values and principles associated with PHC. The CDI approach has successfully been used to improve the delivery of interventions in areas that have previously used CDTi. However, little is known about the added value of community participation in areas without prior experience with CDTi. This study aimed at assessing PHC in two rural Malawian districts without CDTi experience with a view to explore the relevance of the CDI approach. We examined health service providers’ and beneficiaries’ perceptions on existing PHC practices, and their perspectives on official priorities and strategies to strengthen PHC. METHODS: We conducted 27 key informant interviews with health officials and partners at national, district and health centre levels; 32 focus group discussions with community members and in-depth interviews with 32 community members and 32 community leaders. Additionally, official PHC related documents were reviewed. RESULTS: The findings show that there is a functional PHC system in place in the two study districts, though its implementation is faced with various challenges related to accessibility of services and shortage of resources. Health service providers and consumers shared perceptions on the importance of intensifying community participation to strengthen PHC, particularly within the areas of provision of insecticide treated bed nets, home case management for malaria, management of diarrhoeal diseases, treatment of schistosomiasis and provision of food supplements against malnutrition. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that intensified community participation based on the CDI approach can be considered as a realistic means to increase accessibility of certain vital interventions at community level

Schistosomiasis — Assessing Progress toward the 2020 and 2025 Global Goals

BACKGROUND: With the vision of "a world free of schistosomiasis," the World Health Organization (WHO) set ambitious goals of control of this debilitating disease and its elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and 2025, respectively. As these milestones become imminent, and if programs are to succeed, it is important to evaluate the WHO programmatic guidelines empirically. METHODS: We collated and analyzed multiyear cross-sectional data from nine national schistosomiasis control programs (in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in Yemen). Data were analyzed according to schistosome species (Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium), number of treatment rounds, overall prevalence, and prevalence of heavy-intensity infection. Disease control was defined as a prevalence of heavy-intensity infection of less than 5% aggregated across sentinel sites, and the elimination target was defined as a prevalence of heavy-intensity infection of less than 1% in all sentinel sites. Heavy-intensity infection was defined as at least 400 eggs per gram of feces for S. mansoni infection or as more than 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine for S. haematobium infection. RESULTS: All but one country program (Niger) reached the disease-control target by two treatment rounds or less, which is earlier than projected by current WHO guidelines (5 to 10 years). Programs in areas with low endemicity levels at baseline were more likely to reach both the control and elimination targets than were programs in areas with moderate and high endemicity levels at baseline, although the elimination target was reached only for S. mansoni infection (in Burkina Faso, Burundi, and Rwanda within three treatment rounds). Intracountry variation was evident in the relationships between overall prevalence and heavy-intensity infection (stratified according to treatment rounds), a finding that highlights the challenges of using one metric to define control or elimination across all epidemiologic settings. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the need to reevaluate progress and treatment strategies in national schistosomiasis control programs more frequently, with local epidemiologic data taken into consideration, in order to determine the treatment effect and appropriate resource allocations and move closer to achieving the global goals. (Funded by the Children's Investment Fund Foundation and others.)

The influence of cisplatin dose variations during concurrent weekly chemo-radiation in stage IIB cervical cancer at Groote Schuur Hospital

Objective: To examine the effect of treatment and tumour factors on the overall survival (OS) of patients completing chemo-radiation (CRT) for stage IIB cervical cancer. Materials and methods: Retrospective audit of 228 patients with stage IIB cervical cancer treated between 1995 and 2010, who received CRT with at least 45 Gy external beam radiation, two to four brachytherapy insertions, and one or more cycles of concurrent weekly cisplatin (40mg/m², capped at 60 mg/week). Results: Mean tumour size was 5.5cm, bilateral parametrial involvement in 40% of patients, lateral parametrial involvement in 50%, and vaginal spread in 43%. Mean total dose to Point A was 83 Gy (range 61-96) linear quadratic equivalent dose to 2 Gy/fraction. Mean overall treatment time (OTT) was 45 days. The average weekly haemoglobin (AWHB) during treatment was 11.6 g/dL (range 8.8-15.5). Blood transfusions before or during chemo-radiation were given in 33% of patients. Two thirds of patients completed five or six cycles of weekly cisplatin. Reasons for fewer than five cycles were: scheduling failure, neutropaenia, and/or renal impairment. No outcome differences were observed for Monday vs. Thursday cisplatin administration. The 5-year OS was 60%. Patients completing fewer than six cycles had a worse OS (55 vs. 76%, p=0.02). By multiple regression analysis for OS, only six cycles of cisplatin, squamous histology, and AWHB>10g/dL were significant. Conclusions: Maintaining HB>10 and administering six cycles of weekly cisplatin at the dose regimen used appear to be requirements for maximal benefit during CRT of stage IIB cervical cancer

Marketing management : pendekatan pada nilai-nilai pelanggan/ Tandjung

vii, 126 hal.: ill,; tab.; 22 cm

Marketing management : pendekatan pada nilai-nilai pelanggan/ Tandjung

vii, 126 hal.: ill,; tab.; 22 cm

Marketing management : pendekatan pada nilai-nilai pelanggan/ Tandjung

vii, 126 hal.: ill,; tab.; 22 cm