Quiz ambiental um aplicativo utilizado para o ensino das ciências ambientais

Issues such as environmental issues that deal with issues related to air and water pollution, greenhouse effect and acid rain, served as the basis for the elaboration of a pedagogical tool, with the objective of assisting teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. The Environmental Quiz is a mobile phone software that was developed and tested in order to evaluate its use as a tool to help in the construction of knowledge related to environmental sciences. The application features a question and answer format with multiple choice questions of different difficulty levels, which was applied to a group of teachers and students of vocational qualification courses, in a Vocational Education Institution and in a network school state, both located in the city of Barcarena - PA, between 2018 and 2019. Among the results, we observed the involvement and participation of both students and teachers during the execution of activities related to the use of this tool. However, some difficulties encountered during the application of the game were also observed, such as the need for internet access for its installation and completion, as well as the degree of complexity of some issues, which was evident after the tests performed. The information collected in this process demonstrated that the use of technologies, such as applications for smartphones, can be an ally in the process of building knowledge related to environmental science teaching.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorTemáticas como as questões ambientais que tratam de assuntos relacionados à poluição atmosférica e da água, efeito estufa e chuva ácida, serviram de base para a elaboração de uma ferramenta pedagógica, com o objetivo de auxiliar professores e alunos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O Quiz Ambiental é um software de celular que foi desenvolvido e testado com o objetivo de avaliar seu uso como ferramenta para auxiliar na construção do conhecimento de assuntos relacionados às ciências ambientais. O aplicativo apresenta um formato de perguntas e respostas, com questões de múltipla escolha de diferentes níveis de dificuldade, o qual foi aplicado com um grupo de professores e estudantes de cursos de qualificação profissional, em uma Instituição de Ensino Profissionalizante e em uma escola da rede pública estadual, ambas localizadas no Município de Barcarena - PA, entre os anos de 2018 e 2019. Dentre os resultados, observou-se o envolvimento e a participação tanto dos alunos, quanto dos professores, durante a execução das atividades relacionadas ao uso desta ferramenta. Todavia, foram observadas também, algumas dificuldades encontradas durante a aplicação do jogo, como a necessidade de acesso à internet para sua instalação e finalização, além do grau de complexidade de algumas questões, que ficou evidenciado após os testes realizados. As informações coletadas nesse processo demonstraram que a utilização de tecnologias, como aplicativos para smartphones, pode ser uma aliada no processo de construção de conhecimentos relacionados ao ensino das ciências ambientais

Ultrasound lung "comets" increase after breath-hold diving.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) variation, which are a sign of extra-vascular lung water. Forty-two healthy individuals performed breath-hold diving in different conditions: dynamic surface apnea; deep variable-weight apnea and shallow, face immersed without effort (static maximal and non-maximal). The number of ULCs was evaluated by means of an ultrasound scan of the chest, before and after breath-hold diving sessions. The ULC score increased significantly from baseline after dynamic surface apnea (p = 0.0068), after deep breath-hold sessions (p = 0.0018), and after static maximal apnea (p = 0.031). There was no statistically significant difference between the average increase of ULC scores after dynamic surface apnea and deep breath-hold diving. We, therefore, postulate that extravascular lung water accumulation may be due to other factors than (deep) immersion alone, because it occurs during dynamic surface apnea as well. Three mechanisms may be responsible for this. First, the immersion-induced hydrostatic pressure gradient applied on the body causes a shift of peripheral venous blood towards the thorax. Second, the blood pooling effect found during the diving response Redistributes blood to the pulmonary vascular bed. Third, it is possible that the intense involuntary diaphragmatic contractions occurring during the "struggle phase" of the breath-hold can also produce a blood shift from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary alveoli. A combination of these factors may explain the observed increase in ULC scores in deep, shallow maximal and shallow dynamic apneas, whereas shallow non-maximal apneas seem to be not "ULC provoking".Clinical TrialJournal Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe