35,615 research outputs found
Automatic cross-sectioning and monitoring system locates defects in electronic devices
System consists of motorized grinding and lapping apparatus, sample holder, and electronic control circuit. Low power microscope examines device to pinpoint location of circuit defect, and monitor displays output signal when defect is located exactly
Densitometer Patent
Measuring density of single and two-phase cryogenic fluids in rocket fuel tank
Fibrational induction rules for initial algebras
This paper provides an induction rule that can be used to prove properties of data structures whose types are inductive, i.e., are carriers of initial algebras of functors. Our results are semantic in nature and are inspired by Hermida and Jacobsâ elegant algebraic formulation of induction for polynomial data types. Our contribution is to derive, under slightly different assumptions, an induction rule that is generic over all inductive types, polynomial or not. Our induction rule is generic over the kinds of properties to be proved as well: like Hermida and Jacobs, we work in a general fibrational setting and so can accommodate very general notions of properties on inductive types rather than just those of particular syntactic forms. We establish the correctness of our generic induction rule by reducing induction to iteration. We show how our rule can be instantiated to give induction rules for the data types of rose trees, finite hereditary sets, and hyperfunctions. The former lies outside the scope of Hermida and Jacobsâ work because it is not polynomial; as far as we are aware, no induction rules have been known to exist for the latter two in a general fibrational framework. Our instantiation for hyperfunctions underscores the value of working in the general fibrational setting since this data type cannot be interpreted as a set
Modifications at the C-Terminus To Improve PyrroleâImidazole Polyamide Activity in Cell Culture
Pyrroleâimidazole (Py-Im) hairpin polyamides are a class of small molecule DNA minor groove binding compounds that have been shown to modulate endogenous gene expression in cell culture. Gene regulation by polyamides requires efficient cellular uptake and nuclear localization properties for candidate compounds. To further optimize Py-Im polyamides for enhanced potency in cell culture, a focused library of polyamides possessing various modifications at the C-terminus was synthesized and tested. Comparison of polyamide biological activity in two cell lines revealed tolerance for structural modifications and agreement in activity trends between cell lines. The use of an oxime linkage between the polyamide and an aromatic functionality on the C-terminus resulted in a ~20-fold increase in the potency of polyamides targeted to the androgen response element (ARE) in LNCaP cells by measuring AR-activated PSA expression
Redistribution and Education Subsidies are Siamese Twins
We develop a model of human capital formation with endogenous labor supply and heterogeneous agents to explore the optimal level of education subsidies along with the optimal progressive schedule of the labor income tax and optimal capital income taxes.Subsidies on education ensure efficiency in human capital accumulation, while taxes on skilled labor help to redistribute income towards the less able.We thus provide a rationale for the widely observed presence of education subsidies.The actually observed tax codes and level of education subsidies suggest that a large part of education subsidies can be justified on these grounds.redistribution;education;subsidies;human capital;taxation;income tax
Helping Kindergarteners Make Sense of Numbers to 100
The authors share what was learned about kindergarteners\u27 abilities to make sense of numbers to 100 when one of the authors, Linda Jaslow, took over a kindergarten class from February through the end of the school year. Through examples of how she engaged her students in nine weeks of problem solving and discussions focused on making sense of the number system, we provide evidence that the children grew substantially in their ability to count and show understanding when counting by 10\u27s and using 10\u27s during problem solving. Suggestions for tasks to promote continued growth are also provided. Throughout this teaching experience, Mrs. Jaslow was reminded of the complexity of making sense of our number system, and this article showcases her instructional decision making that was based on inquiry into children\u27s thinking. By valuing children\u27s existing ideas, Mrs. Jaslow could use that thinking to help guide her instruction
Interacting scalar and spinor fields in Bianchi type I universe filled with magneto-fluid
Self-consistent system of spinor, scalar and BI gravitational fields in
presence of magneto-fluid and -term is considered. Assuming that the
expansion of the BI universe is proportional to the component of
the shear tensor, exact solutions for the metric functions, as well as for
scalar and spinor fields are obtained. For a non-positive the
initially anisotropic space-time becomes isotropic one in the process of
expansion, whereas, for an oscillatory mode of expansion of the
BI model occurs.Comment: RevTex4, 8 pages, no figure
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