46 research outputs found
Les femmes autochtones et la justice pénale
The interest in understanding and analyzing the situation of native women within the penal process is recent and seems to be limited by the inordinate attention paid by researchers to the overrepresentation of native women. This article is an account of the findings and analyses made to date in this recent sector of research. It presents an inventory of the principal data concerning the confrontation of native women with the penal process. It proposes a synthesis of the principal analyses of the problems of native women with the system of justice by presenting a critical analysis of the socio-structural model of LaPrairie
Origines et fondements de la médiation sociale au Québec : un double ancrage
Deux ancrages distincts sont à l’origine des initiatives de médiation sociale au Québec. Le premier provient de la mobilisation des organismes de justice alternative du Québec, le second, des politiques urbaines de la Ville de Montréal. Ces points d’ancrage, tout en s’interpénétrant occasionnellement, engendrent des pratiques de médiation portées par des fondements et des principes différents. Le premier favorise des pratiques sociales fondées sur les principes de démocratisation de la justice et du droit (principe de l’accès au droit) et sur la quête d’alternatives aux modes traditionnels de réaction sociale (en particulier celle de modalités non punitives de règlements des conflits). Il propose de favoriser un modèle de médiation non professionnalisé, c’est-à -dire intégrant des citoyens formés aux pratiques de la médiation. Le second émane des politiques publiques de la Ville de Montréal ; celles-ci fondent des pratiques de médiation fortement teintées par des enjeux de sécurisation, de pacification, d’inclusion sociale et de cohabitation sociale harmonieuse dans l’espace public et pour lesquelles le recours à des professionnels de la médiation est privilégié.Two separate anchors are at the root of social mediation initiatives in Quebec. The first comes from the mobilization of alternative justice organisations of Quebec, the second from urban policies of the city of Montreal. These anchors, while being interconnected occasionally, generate different principles of mediation practices. The first anchor promotes social practices based on principles of democratization of justice and law (issue of access to law) and on search for alternatives to traditional modes of social reaction (mainly non punitive modes of conflicts resolution). Based mainly on a non-professional model of mediation, it places the integration of citizens trained in mediation practices as a core value. The second anchor comes from public policies of the City of Montreal ; these policies are mainly founded on issues of security, pacification, social inclusion and harmony in sharing public spaces and show their preference for professional mediators
Relations between the police and ethnic minorities in Sheffield, England
The purpose of this study is to identify how police officers and minority groups experience and describe their relations by attempting to pinpoint the importance and place of identity and ethnicity in structuring these relations. This research has been conducted in an area of Sheffield in U.K. from 1994 to 1995. Twenty interviews with police officers and twenty-three interviews with members of different ethnicized groups have been realized. The results of this study suggest that the viewpoints of the police officers are far less uniform than those of the minority group respondents. The four main areas where the police and minority groups differ in their viewpoints are their views on changes in relations between the two groups, their description of these relations, their definition of ethnicity and their views on the policy of minority police recruitment.Conseil québécois de la recherche en sciences sociales (CQRS)INTRODUCTION:
1. Acknowledgements, p. 4;
2. Overview of the main studies on relations between the police and ethnic minorities, p. 6;
3. Research methodology, p. 7;
4. Analysis of the interviews, p. 11;
5. The South Yorkshire Police Division: Some general information and statistics, p. 12;
- Socio-demographic information, p. 12;
- Crime statistics, p. 13;
- Racial harassment, p. 13;
- Characteristics of the region served by the Woodseats police station, p. 14;
6. Organization of the report, p. 14;;
PART I: VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF THE POLICE OFFICERS :
1. Description of relations between the police and ethnic minorities, p. 16;
2. Police interactions with minorities, p. 22;
3. Race, culture and identity, p. 23;
4. Types of problems highlighted, p. 30;
5. Racism and differential treatment, p. 34;
6. Views regarding ethnic minorities, p. 44;
7. Definitions of ethnicity, p 58;
8. Comments, p. 60;
PART II: VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF THE MEMBERS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES:
1. Description of relations between the police and ethnic minorities, p. 61;
2. Abusive searches and arrests, p. 66;
3. Racism, p. 77;
4. Victimization, p. 79;
5. Assessment of problems in police-minority relations, p. 82;
6. Other types of problems experienced with the police, p. 87;
7. Differential treatment depending on the categorial belonging, p. 89;
8. The behaviour of ethnic minorities toward the police, p. 100;
9. Definitions of ethnicity, p. 103;
10. Comments, p. 107;
PART III: ETHNIC MINORITIES WITHIN THE POLICE:
1. Views of the police officers, p. 109;
- The experience of minority police officers and racism, p. 124;
- Relations between minority police officers and ethnic communities, p. 134;
2. Views of the ethnic minorities, p. 136;
- Advantages, p. 137;
- Disadvantages, p. 138;
- Analysis of the underrepresentation, p. 145;
- Differential assignment, p. 147;
- Quotas, p. 148;
- Relations between minority police officers and communities, p.149;
PART IV: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, p. 151:
1. Changes in police-minority relations, p. 152;
2. Description of police-minority relations, p. 152;
3. Definitions of ethnicity, p. 155;
4. The policy of minority police recruitment, p. 155;
CONCLUSION, p. 160;
REFERENCES, p. 165;
APPENDIX 1-6, p. 168
Stratégies adoptées par les femmes autochtones dans un contexte de violence familiale au Québec
Dans cet article, nous prĂ©sentons les rĂ©sultats d’une Ă©tude sur la portĂ©e des ressources et stratĂ©gies utilisĂ©es par les femmes autochtones victimes de violence (conjugale et familiale) Ă partir de rĂ©cits d’expĂ©rience. Des 36 entretiens effectuĂ©s avec des femmes issues de diverses Nations et provenant de milieux urbains ou vivant dans une communautĂ© autochtone Ă©mergent deux profils : un profil de femmes rĂ©silientes, parvenues Ă sortir de leur environnement violent et dont les sĂ©quelles sont grandement attĂ©nuĂ©es, et un profil de femmes plus persistantes, c’est-Ă -dire maintenues dans un environnement violent ou dont les consĂ©quences sont encore très marquĂ©es. La combinaison de trois facteurs permet d’expliquer ce qui diffĂ©rencie ces deux groupes : les caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques, les victimisations et le parcours des stratĂ©gies et ressources utilisĂ©es.We present the results of a qualitative research study on the impact of services and strategies used by aboriginal women who are victims of family violence. We conducted 36 interviews with women of different nations, living in communities and urban areas. Two profiles have been identified: a profile of resilient women who managed to escape from their violent environment and whose consequences of violence are greatly reduced and a profile of women more persistent, meaning that they are kept in a violent environment or are still hurt by the consequences of the violence experienced. The combination of three factors explain these differences: socio demographic factors, profile of victimization and career of strategies and resources used by the women.En este artĂculo presentamos los resultados de un estudio sobre el alcance de los recursos y las estrategias empleadas por mujeres autĂłctonas vĂctimas de violencia conyugal y familiar realizado a partir de relatos de experiencias personales. De las 36 entrevistas realizadas con mujeres de diversas naciones que habitaban tanto en medio urbano como en comunidades autĂłctonas, se derivan dos perfiles, uno de mujeres resiliantes, que logran salir de su ambiente violento y consiguen atenuar en buena medida sus secuelas, y otro de mujeres que persisten, es decir que se mantienen en el ambiente violento, con consecuencias más marcadas. La combinaciĂłn de tres factores permite explicar lo que diferencia estos dos grupos : las caracterĂsticas sociodemográficas, el tipo de victimizaciĂłn y la secuencia de estrategias y recursos utilizados
Saberes criminolĂłgicos e autoctonia
Aboriginal peoples were invested and over-invested by the scientific discourses of various disciplines of human and social sciences. Starting from the knowledge produced by criminology, we will show how this knowledge fluctuated in time, how it was structured according to stakes related to the maintenance of cohesion and the political and legal state order and how it has constituted Aboriginal communities in particularly vulnerable and problematic groups.Los pueblos aborĂgenes han sido estudiados y sobre-estudiados por diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y humanas. A partir del discurso cientĂfico producido por la criminologĂa, este artĂculo muestra cĂłmo ese conocimiento ha fluctuado a lo largo del tiempo, se ha estructurado en funciĂłn de los desafĂos vinculados al mantenimiento de la cohesiĂłn del orden jurĂdico y polĂtico del Estado, y cĂłmo ha transformado a las comunidades autĂłctonas en grupos particularmente vulnerables y problemáticos.Os autĂłctones tĂŞm sido estudados e super-estudados pelos saberes acadĂŞmicos de diversas disciplinas das ciĂŞncias sociais e humanas. Com base no discurso acadĂŞmico produzido pela criminologia, mostramos como este saber mudou ao longo do tempo, como foi estruturado em função das questões relacionadas Ă manutenção da coesĂŁo da ordem jurĂdica e polĂtica do Estado e como constituiu as comunidades indĂgenas como grupos particularmente vulneráveis e problemáticos
Préface
L’ouvrage de Nina Admo vient combler un vide empirique important sur les savoirs théoriques et pratiques entourant les initiatives de médiation sociale et de résolution de conflits. Il contribue à atténuer le décalage entre le foisonnement des initiatives citoyennes et professionnelles, au Québec comme ailleurs, et la publication de données de recherche permettant d’en saisir la portée. Ce livre s’avère un guide original et instructif pour toute personne, citoyenne ou intervenante sociocommun..
14. Faut-il abolir le système pénal ? La justice réparatrice et la médiation comme pratiques alternatives
Le mouvement abolitionniste est le produit d’une analyse critique du fonctionnement et des effets du système pénal, dont ce chapitre expose les fondements et les grands arguments. Comme le précisent ses promoteurs, le mouvement abolitionniste ne propose pas l’absence d’intervention face aux actes que le droit pénal qualifie de crimes, mais suggère de reconstruire l’intervention en accordant une place centrale aux principaux acteurs concernés. La médiation et la justice réparatrice sont des alternatives prometteuses aux réponses conventionnelles du système pénal à la criminalité
Justice et peuples autochtones au Québec : une autodétermination relative
Si l’on demandait à divers publics, universitaires et non universitaires, d’énoncer brièvement, sous forme caricaturale, la mise en rapport des termes justice et Autochtones, on évoquerait sans doute les abus et les violences, la surreprésentation dans les prisons, la toxicomanie et l’alcool, la victimisation des femmes et des enfants, l’errance urbaine, les abus sexuels associés aux pensionnats indiens, les barrages routiers, la crise d’Oka… L’évocation de ces images fortes et stéréotypées n..